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This paper deals with the problem of definition and measurement of the efficiency of agricultural production. Using an agronomical simulation model, it makes comparisons of wheat, maize, sunflower and soybean production in different regions of France, Argentina and the United States. The ability of a country to defend its position as an exporter of a specific agricultural product or to maintain local production of a product in deficit, facing the competition of imports, is shown to depend on three factors: 1) the efficiency of agricultural production; 2) the efficiency of an internal transportation, stockage and trading system; and 3) the level of protection for agriculture introduced by different national policies. The first two factors are usually considered as defining the comparative advantage of a country on the considered product. In the international context of today, it is important for many developing countries to know their relative position in terms of ...

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The issue of the nature and extent of legal protection of software arises in the context of a global software industry in which: a) suppliers and users are both heavily concentrated in the OECD countries; b) US firms dominate the global market, especially for packaged software; c) software Research and Development (R&D) is performed mostly in the developed countries. As yet, very few developing country firms have emerged as internationally competitive software suppliers. The leading software producing and exporting country, the United States, has instituted a system of copyright protection for software which it has sought to export to other countries, even though there remains considerable uncertainty within the United States about the appropriateness of this approach. Indeed, the issue of what sort of regime is best suited to software protection remains an unresolved one. Most developing country software firms are involved in custom software development, for which copyright ...

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In the 1960s and 1970s a number of views were formed about unemployment in developing countries, which have remained largely accepted since then. The views can be summarized as three propositions: a) the poor cannot afford to become unemployed; b) labour markets in developing countries are always sufficiently open and flexible for work to be found, so that c) unemployment is a reflection of the search for jobs with high earnings on the part of those able to finance search costs. In contrast, the conclusions of this review are that the poor can be and are increasingly to be found in large numbers among the unemployed; many young people have great difficulty in finding any sort of work, especially regular work; unemployment is high and appears to have been rising over the past 20 years. In sum, in the light of this review of evidence, the conventional wisdom described in the so-called luxury unemployment hypothesis is seriously flawed and should be set aside.

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This paper is a state-of-the-art report on the scope and efficacy of macroeconomic policies, both demand-management and supply-side, in relation to the level and composition of aggregate domestic savings (household, corporate, and government) performance in developing countries. Its central focus is on the extent to which macroeconomic policies help or hinder the optimal mobilisation and allocation of voluntary and contractual savings. It analyses: the impact of fiscal policies (fiscal balance, taxation, tax incentives); fiscal reforms and savings; and the interaction between Government and private savings; the financial repression and inflationary finance as contributory factors to low domestic savings; implications of financial liberalisation for savings and investment; the linkages between formal and informal finance; the regulatory, prudential, and developmental role of central banks; exchange rate and external finance policies and their bearing on capital flight and inflows of ...

Development

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• Reference Manager
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• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper deals with the problem of definition and measurement of the efficiency of agricultural production. Using an agronomical simulation model, it makes comparisons of wheat, maize, sunflower and soybean production in different regions of France, Argentina and the United States. The ability of a country to defend its position as an exporter of a specific agricultural product or to maintain local production of a product in deficit, facing the competition of imports, is shown to depend on three factors: 1) the efficiency of agricultural production; 2) the efficiency of an internal transportation, stockage and trading system; and 3) the level of protection for agriculture introduced by different national policies. The first two factors are usually considered as defining the comparative advantage of a country on the considered product. In the international context of today, it is important for many developing countries to know their relative position in terms of ...

Development