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The relation of anthropology to colonialism and imperialism became a burning issue for anthropologists in the mid-1960s. As European colonies in Asia and Africa became independent nations, as the United States engaged in war in Southeast Asia and in covert operations in South America, anthropologists questioned their interactions with their subjects and worried about the political consequences of government-supported research. By 1970, some spoke of anthropology as "the child of Western imperialism" and as "scientific colonialism." Ironically, as the link between anthropology and colonialism became more widely accepted within the discipline, serious interest in examining the history of anthropology in colonial contexts diminished. This volume is an effort to initiate a critical historical consideration of the varying "colonial situations" in which (and out of which) ethnographic knowledge essential to anthropology has been produced. The essays comment on ethnographic work from the middle of the nineteenth century to nearly the end of the twentieth, in regions from Oceania through southeast Asia, the Andaman Islands, and southern Africa to North and South America. The "colonial situations" also cover a broad range, from first contact through the establishment of colonial power, from District Officer administrations through white settler regimes, from internal colonialism to international mandates, from early "pacification" to wars of colonial liberation, from the expropriation of land to the defense of ecology. The motivations and responses of the anthropologists discussed are equally varied: the romantic resistance of Maclay and the complicity of Kubary in early colonialism; Malinowski's salesmanship of academic anthropology; Speck's advocacy of Indian land rights; Schneider's grappling with the ambiguities of rapport; and Turner's facilitation of Kaiapo cinematic activism.

Ethnology --- Ethnocentrism --- Imperialism --- History. --- Philosophy. --- History

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In spite, or perhaps because of, the ongoing cultural, economic, and political uniformization of the world, relativism has risen to the top of the agenda of philosophy and other disciplines. To what extent does cultural diversity affect the activity and the products of philosophizing and of social science? Can there be convergence of worldviews and conceptual frameworks across cultural boundaries? Can there be mutual understanding across them in spite of diversity? These and other questions prompted by the recent upsurge of relativism are tackled in original essays by philosophers and social scientists. The special focus and interest of the book lies in its attempt to confront North and Latin American perspectives on these issues. The four parts of the book ( Relativism: transformation or death? A glimpse of variety: Philosophical experiences and worldviews in Latin America; Nature, Culture and Art ; and Crossing conceptual frameworks ) discuss different, though intertwined, aspects of the challenge of relativism.

Cultural relativism --- Ethnocentrism --- Ethnocentrisme --- Philosophy --- -Ethnocentrism --- -130.2 --- Ethnopsychology --- Nationalism --- Prejudices --- Race --- Relativism, Cultural --- Ethnology --- Relativity --- Filosofie van de cultuur. Cultuurfilosofie. Cultuursystemen. Kultuurfilosofie --- 130.2 Filosofie van de cultuur. Cultuurfilosofie. Cultuursystemen. Kultuurfilosofie --- 130.2 --- Latin America --- North America --- Ethnocentrism - North America --- Ethnocentrism - Latin America --- Cultural relativism - Philosophy

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Connaissance [Sociologie de la ] --- Ethnocentrism --- Ethnocentrisme --- Etnocentrisme --- Kennis [Sociologie van de ] --- Knowledge [Sociology of ] --- Sociologie van de kennis --- Sociology of knowledge --- Anthropology --- Ethnology --- Anthropologie --- Anthropologie sociale et culturelle --- Methodology --- Research --- Méthodologie --- Recherche --- Scholte, Bob --- 316.75:001 --- #SBIB:316.23H2 --- Wetenschapssociologie --- Sociologie van de wetenschappen --- Ethnocentrism. --- Knowledge, Sociology of. --- Methodology. --- Philosophy. --- 316.75:001 Wetenschapssociologie --- Méthodologie --- Knowledge, Sociology of --- Knowledge, Theory of (Sociology) --- Communication --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Public opinion --- Sociology --- Social epistemology --- Cultural relativism --- Ethnopsychology --- Nationalism --- Prejudices --- Race --- Philosophy --- Sciences sociales --- ANTHROPOLOGIE --- CONNAISSANCE, THEORIE DE LA --- SOCIOLOGIE DE LA CONNAISSANCE --- ETHNOLOGIE --- méthodologie --- METHODOLOGIE