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Authoritarianism --- Democracy --- Democratization

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Mass society --- Massamaatschappij --- Société de masse --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Authoritarianism --- Mass society. --- History --- 20th century --- Authoritarianism - History - 20th century. --- Associations, institutions, etc. - History - 20th century.

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Authoritarianism --- Democracy --- Democracy --- Democracy --- Democracy --- Post-communism --- Representative government and representation --- Case studies --- Case studies

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This is the first full history of fascism - as a force and as a phenomenon - in Europe and elsewhere between the world wars. This history encompasses all the major fascist movements, as well as other forms of authoritarian nationalism, and provides in-depth analyses of these movements, the interpretative problems they pose, and previous interpretations of them. Stanley G. Payne interprets fascism as a form of revolutionary ultranationalism - a program for national rebirth based on a primarily vitalist philosophy, extreme elitism, mass mobilization, the promotion of violence, and military virtues. He traces this phenomenon through the history of ideas, previous political movements, and the events of World War I. Though his focus is chiefly on Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, he also gives detailed attention to the Romanian Iron Guard, Franco's Spain, Japan, and protofascist movements around the globe. In view of widespread speculation about the return of fascism to Europe and the Afro-Asian World, this work is especially timely. However, Payne presents a powerful case for viewing fascism as a unique "epochal phenomenon." Conversely, he treats significant individual features of fascism as inherent aspects of revolutionary movements and nationalist dictatorships, with every likelihood of reappearing in new and different forms. "A History of Fascism is an invaluable sourcebook, offering a rare combination of detailed information and thoughtful analysis. It is a masterpiece of comparative history, for the comparisons enhance our understanding of each part of the whole. The term 'fascist,' used so freely these days as a pejorative epithet that has nearly lost its meaning, is precisely defined, carefully applied and skillfully explained. The analysis effectively restores the dimension of evil."--Susan Zuccotti, The Nation"A magisterial, wholly accessible, engaging study. . . . Payne defines fascism as a form of ultranationalism espousing a myth of national rebirth and marked by extreme elitism, mobilization of the masses, exaltation of hierarchy and subordination, oppression of women and an embrace of violence and war as virtues."--Publishers Weekly

Fascism. --- Fascism --- History. --- Neo-fascism --- Authoritarianism --- Collectivism --- Corporate state --- National socialism --- Synarchism --- Totalitarianism --- Political Science --- Political science

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Authoritarianism --- Democracy --- Autoritarisme --- Démocratie --- History --- Histoire --- Chili --- Argentina --- Chile --- Uruguay --- Argentine --- Politique et gouvernement --- Politics and government