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Some scholars have viewed the Soviet state and science as two monolithic entities--with bureaucrats as oppressors, and scientists as defenders of intellectual autonomy. Based on previously unknown documents from the archives of state and Communist Party agencies and of numerous scientific institutions, Stalinist Science shows that this picture is oversimplified. Even the reinstated Science Department within the Central Committee was staffed by a leading geneticist and others sympathetic to conventional science. In fact, a symbiosis of state bureaucrats and scientists established a much more terrifying system of control over the scientific community than any critic of Soviet totalitarianism had feared. Some scientists, on the other hand, developed more elaborate devices to avoid and exploit this control system than any advocate of academic freedom could have reasonably hoped. Nikolai Krementsov argues that the model of Stalinist science, already taking hold during the thirties, was reversed by the need for inter-Allied cooperation during World War II. Science, as a tool for winning the war and as a diplomatic and propaganda instrument, began to enjoy higher status, better funding, and relative autonomy. Even the reinstated Science Department within the Central Committee was staffed by a leading geneticist and others sympathetic to conventional science. However, the onset of the Cold War led to a campaign for eliminating such servility to the West. Then the Western links that had benefited genetics and other sciences during the war and through 1946 became a liability, and were used by Lysenko and others to turn back to the repressive past and to delegitimate whole research directions.

Communism --- Science --- History --- History. --- Stalin, Joseph, --- Soviet Union --- Politics and government --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Djougatchvili, Iossif Vissarionovitch, --- Джугашвили, Иосиф Виссарионович, --- Dzhugashvili, Iosif Vissarionovich, --- Koba, --- Shih-tʻai-lin, --- Sidalin, --- Ssu-ta-lin, --- Stalin, Giuseppe, --- Сталин, И. В. --- Stalin, I. V. --- Сталин, Иосиф, --- Stalin, Iosif, --- Сталин, К., --- Stalin, K., --- Staline, --- Staline, Joseph, --- Staljin, J. V., --- Sutārin, --- Soselo, --- Stalini, Ioseb Besarionis że, --- Sṭalin, Y. Ṿ., --- Sṭalin, Y., --- Stalin, Josef, --- Stalin, Josef Vissarionovich, --- סטאלין, יאסיף, --- סטאלין, י. --- סטאלין, י. וו --- סטאלין, י. װ. --- סטאלין, י., --- סטלין, יוסיף ויסאריונוביץ׳, --- סטלין, יוסף --- 斯大林, --- Stalin, Jossif Vissarionovitš, --- Sztálin, Joszif, --- Istālīn, Yūsīf Vīsāryūnūvīch, --- استالين، يوسيف ويساريونووتج, --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Natural sciences --- Σταλιν, Ιωσηφ, --- Stalin, Ιōsēph, --- Jughashvili, Ioseb, --- Jughashvili, Ioseb Vissarionovich, --- Jughashvili, Koba,