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"In a rare collaboration, Pulitzer Prize-winning child psychiatrist Robert Coles and photographer Nicholas Nixon explore the lives of children in three Boston-area settings: a Cambridge elementary school, Perkins School for the Blind, and the elite Boston Latin School. A microcosm of American schoolchildren today, the students photographed by Nixon range from the profoundly challenged, at Perkins, to the most gifted. Nixon's penetrating portraits, some accompanied by comments by or about the children, alternate with a three-part essay by Dr. Coles, himself a graduate of Boston Latin and intimately familiar with the other two schools. Exploring the students' inner lives with extraordinary sensitivity, Dr. Coles also recalls key moments that helped to shape his own very influential outlook."--Jacket.

Blind children --- Students --- Education

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Dog. --- Dogs. --- Guide dogs for the blind. --- Potential guide dogs. --- Temperament.

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Blind --- -Blind --- -Relief (Art) --- Relief models --- -003.24 --- 376.32 --- Geography --- Modeling, Topographical --- Relief-maps --- Terrain models --- Topographical modeling --- Models and modelmaking --- Blind people --- Blind persons --- Blindness --- People with visual disabilities --- Deafblind people --- Books and reading --- -History --- Education --- History --- Braille. Schriftsoorten voor blinden --- Blinden: onderwijs. Gezichtsgestoorden: onderwijs --- Models --- Patients --- Relief (Art) --- Touch. --- History. --- 376.32 Blinden: onderwijs. Gezichtsgestoorden: onderwijs --- 003.24 Braille. Schriftsoorten voor blinden --- Relief (Art). --- Touch --- 003.24 --- Feeling --- Haptic sense --- Haptics --- Tactile perception --- Tactual perception --- Somesthesia --- Books and reading&delete& --- Education&delete& --- 3-D painting --- Layering (Art) --- Relief art --- Relief painting --- Relief panel --- Three-dimensional painting --- Art, Modern

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Trainers at the Royal Guide Dogs Associations of Australia (RGDAA) assess 12-month-old potential guide dogs for 20 categories of temperament after walking and observing each dog over 5 days in increasingly complex environments. The present study investigated how trainers interpret these temperament categories from the canine behaviour observed. Dogs were videotaped by the author on their final assessment walk. Trainers who had no prior knowledge of the dogs on the videotapes observed the tapes and pointed out segments which, in their opinion, showed dogs expressing particular categories of temperament. One hundred and two segments of tape were isolated and examined in detail. The elements of behaviour observed in each segment were noted. Descriptions or 'indicator sets' were determined for nine temperament categories. Each set lists the elements of behaviour shown by dogs in 60%–69%, 70%–79% and 80% of cases. Indicator sets were not determined for categories that were rarely identified by trainers, rarely observed in dogs, or which could not be assessed from a single videotaped walk. Although each indicator set was unique, some elements of behaviour were common to more than one set. Therefore, it is best to interpret temperament categories from many elements of behaviour rather than just one or two. If adopted by other guide dog associations, the indicator sets derived from this study may be useful in standardising the identification and assessment of temperament categories of potential guide dogs by avoiding anthropomorphism or misinterpretation of dogs' behaviour.

Assessment. --- Association. --- Behaviour. --- Complex environment. --- Complex environments. --- Dog. --- Dogs. --- Environment. --- Environments. --- Guide dogs for the blind. --- Identification. --- Potential guide dogs. --- Temperament. --- Walking.

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This book is based on the author's Ph.D. thesis which was selected during the 1994 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Competition as one of the two co-winning works. T.V. Raman did his Ph.D. work at Cornell University with Professor Davied Gries as thesis advisor. The author presents the computing system ASTER that audio formats electronic documents to produce audio documents. ASTER can speak both literary texts and highly technical documents containing complex mathematics (presented in (LA)TEX).

Blind, Apparatus for the --- Reading devices for people with disabilities --- Speech synthesis --- Technical literature --- Disabilities --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Computer programs --- Blind, Apparatus for the. --- Reading devices for people with disabilities. --- Computer programs. --- ASTER (Computer file) --- Engineering literature --- Technology literature --- Speech --- Synthetic speech --- Reading devices for the disabled --- Apparatus for the blind --- Typewriters for the blind --- Synthesis --- Social sciences. --- Multimedia information systems. --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Artificial intelligence. --- Text processing (Computer science). --- Social work. --- Sociology. --- Social Sciences. --- Sociology, general. --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Social Work. --- Document Preparation and Text Processing. --- Multimedia Information Systems. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computer networks --- Mathematics --- Computer science. --- Natural language processing (Computer science). --- Multimedia systems. --- Natural Language Processing (NLP). --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Computer-based multimedia information systems --- Multimedia computing --- Multimedia information systems --- Multimedia knowledge systems --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- NLP (Computer science) --- Artificial intelligence --- Electronic data processing --- Human-computer interaction --- Semantic computing --- Informatics --- Science --- Benevolent institutions --- Philanthropy --- Relief stations (for the poor) --- Social service agencies --- Social welfare --- Social work --- Human services --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Audio system for technical readings --- Speech synthesis - Computer programs --- Technical literature - Computer programs