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This paper examines how endogenizing technological progress in a multicountry macroeconometric model affects the analysis of fiscal policies. It uses an expanded version of the IMF’s multicountry model, MULTIMOD, in which total factor productivity (TFP) is endogenized as a function of domestic research and development (R&D) expenditures, R&D expenditures of trading partners, and trade. Compared with the standard version of the model with exogenous TFP, fiscal policies have much larger and long-lived effects on the domestic economy and on other countries.

Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Production and Operations Management --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Fiscal Policy --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Public finance & taxation --- Total factor productivity --- Expenditure --- Public debt --- Fiscal policy --- Private consumption --- National accounts --- Industrial productivity --- Expenditures, Public --- Debts, Public --- Consumption --- Economics --- United States

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This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix evaluates Switzerland’s long-term growth and productivity performance. It analyzes the behavior of Swiss fiscal policy over the business cycle and takes a fresh look at the nature of the tradeoff between inflation and economic activity in Switzerland. The paper reports estimates of the automatic and discretionary responses of general government finances to cyclical output movements during 1970–96. It also examines the main options for improving the stabilization role of Switzerland’s fiscal policy over the business cycle.

Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Production and Operations Management --- Fiscal Policy --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Labor Economics: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Fiscal policy --- Total factor productivity --- Output gap --- Labor --- Prices --- Industrial productivity --- Income tax --- Economic theory --- Switzerland

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Exhibir las profundas grietas que ha dejado la relación entre flexibilización laboral y productividad del trabajo en México, conocer las contradictorias políticas de restructuración emprendidas básicamente en los noventa, poner al descubierto que la cada vez mayor reducción del gasto público y del gasto social cuestiona severamente la capacidad del Estado para desempeñar su papel dentro del movimiento obrero, el campesinado y las clases medias, son algunas aportaciones que este libro ofrece al lector.

Industrial economics --- Mexico --- Organizational change --- Reengineering (Management) --- Labor supply --- Industrial productivity --- Effect of technological innovations on --- Case studies. --- Productivity, Industrial --- TFP (Total factor productivity) --- Total factor productivity --- Industrial efficiency --- Production (Economic theory) --- Labor force --- Labor force participation --- Labor pool --- Work force --- Workforce --- Labor market --- Human capital --- Labor mobility --- Manpower --- Manpower policy --- Business process reengineering --- Re-engineering (Management) --- Management --- Change, Organizational --- Organization development --- Organizational development --- Organizational innovation --- Organization --- Manpower planning --- Industry & industrial studies

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This paper analyzes economic developments in El Salvador during 1990–97. The paper assesses the prospects of the Salvadoran economy in facing the new challenges coming from its reinsertion into the global economy. The paper describes the evolution of trade competitiveness and evaluates the divergence from equilibrium of the real effective exchange rate. It concludes that the exchange rate behavior in the last decade appears to have followed roughly the path predicted by a long-term equilibrium exchange rate model consistent with a current account deficit of about 2 percent of GDP.

Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Production and Operations Management --- Emigration and Immigration --- Remittances --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Trade: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Exchange rates --- Real effective exchange rates --- Total factor productivity --- Outward remittances --- Balance of payments --- International finance --- Industrial productivity --- Emigrant remittances --- Labor economics --- El Salvador

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An error-correction model identifies determinants of growth consistent with results from panel regressions based on a standard Cobb-Douglas production function for El Salvador for 1970-1995, with structural factors affecting the technology variable and macroeconomics and expectations explaining the deviations from the long-run trend. Consistency of the parameters is satisfactory, especially considering that half of the sample period was affected by a civil war, 40 percent of the working population migrated to foreign countries during that period, and the rapid process of economic reform after the advent of peace resulted in overlapping structural patterns.

Foreign Exchange --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Production and Operations Management --- Estimation --- Time-Series Models --- Dynamic Quantile Regressions --- Dynamic Treatment Effect Models --- Diffusion Processes --- Model Construction and Estimation --- Measurement of Economic Growth --- Aggregate Productivity --- Cross-Country Output Convergence --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Labor Economics: General --- Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Education: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Public finance & taxation --- Education --- Total factor productivity --- Real effective exchange rates --- Labor force --- Public expenditure review --- Industrial productivity --- Labor economics --- Labor market --- Expenditures, Public --- El Salvador