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This paper reviews economic developments in Nepal during 1996–98. During 1997–98, the authorities maintained broad macroeconomic stability and there was an improvement in the external position. However, real GDP growth slowed to below 2 percent in 1997/98 (fiscal year ending July 15) and, after remaining in single digits over the last several years, the 12-month inflation rate accelerated, as food prices jumped owing to temporary agricultural supply factors. Aided by the strong exports in the region and continued generous donor financing, gross official reserves increased in 1997/98 to more than US$700 million.

Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Agribusiness --- Macroeconomics --- Trade: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Agricultural Markets and Marketing --- Cooperatives --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- International economics --- Banking --- Agriculture, agribusiness & food production industries --- Civil service & public sector --- Imports --- Exports --- Commercial banks --- Agroindustries --- International trade --- Economic sectors --- Public sector --- Financial institutions --- Banks and banking --- Agricultural industries --- Finance, Public --- Nepal

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This paper reviews economic developments in Guinea during 1990–98. Economic developments were dominated by the coming on stream of important oil fields in 1992 and 1996, and the subsequent breakdown in fiscal discipline and transparency. In response to the January 1994 devaluation of the CFA franc, there was also an upturn in the non-oil sector, led by intensification in logging activity that resulted in an unsustainable level of timber output in 1997. Real GDP growth averaged 8.5 percent a year in 1992–95, and rose to 29 percent in 1996.

Investments: Energy --- Exports and Imports --- Taxation --- Agribusiness --- Industries: Energy --- Energy: General --- Agricultural Markets and Marketing --- Cooperatives --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Trade: General --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Investment & securities --- Agriculture, agribusiness & food production industries --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Oil --- Agroindustries --- Oil, gas and mining taxes --- Exports --- Oil production --- Commodities --- Economic sectors --- Taxes --- International trade --- Production --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Agricultural industries --- Equatorial Guinea, Republic of

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In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.

Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Agribusiness --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Agricultural Markets and Marketing --- Cooperatives --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Banking --- Agriculture, agribusiness & food production industries --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Public finance & taxation --- Bank deposits --- Agroindustries --- Income --- Public enterprises --- Economic sectors --- National accounts --- Financial services --- Expenditure --- Banks and banking --- Agricultural industries --- Government business enterprises --- Expenditures, Public --- Namibia

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This paper examines dynamic patterns of investment in Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Zambia and Zimbabwe, assessing the consistency of those patterns with different adjustment cost structures. Using survey data on manufactured firms, we document the importance of zero investment episodes and lumpy investment. The proportion of firms experiencing large investment spikes is significant in explaining aggregate manufacturing investment. Taken together, evidence from descriptive statistics, average investment regressions modeling the response to capital imbalance, and transition data analysis indicate that irreversibility is an important factor considered by firms when making investment plans. The picture is not unanimous however, and some explanations for the mixed results are proposed.

Econometrics --- Investments: Stocks --- Labor --- Agribusiness --- Industries: Manufacturing --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development --- Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General --- Agricultural Markets and Marketing --- Cooperatives --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models --- Discrete Regressors --- Proportions --- Investment & securities --- Manufacturing industries --- Agriculture, agribusiness & food production industries --- Labour --- income economics --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Stocks --- Manufacturing --- Agroindustries --- Logit models --- Financial institutions --- Economic sectors --- Econometric analysis --- Agricultural industries --- Economic theory --- Econometric models --- Zimbabwe

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In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.

Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Agribusiness --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Agriculture: General --- Agricultural Markets and Marketing --- Cooperatives --- International economics --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Agricultural economics --- Agriculture, agribusiness & food production industries --- Foreign assets --- External debt --- Domestic credit --- Agricultural sector --- External position --- Agroindustries --- Economic sectors --- Money --- Investments, Foreign --- Banks and banking --- Debts, External --- Credit --- Agricultural industries --- Tonga