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impossible triangle, after apprehension of the perceptively given mode of being of that 'object', the visual system assumes that all three sides touch on all three sides, whereas this happens on only one side. In fact, the sides touch only optically, because they are separate in depth. In Meinong's words, Penrose's triangle has been inserted in an 'objective', or in what we would today call a "cognitive schema". Re-examination of the Graz school's theory, as said, sheds light on several problems concerning the theory of perception, and, as Luccio points out in his contribution to this book, it helps to eliminate a number of over-simplistic commonplaces, such as the identification of the cognitivist notion of 'top down' with Wertheimer's 'von oben unten', and of 'bottom up' with his 'von unten nach oben'. In fact, neither Hochberg's and Gregory's 'concept-driven' perception nor Gibson's 'data-driven' perception coincide with the original conception of the Gestalt.

Form (Philosophy) --- Form discrimination --- Form perception --- Forme (Philosophie) --- Perceptie der vormen --- Perception des formes --- Shape discrimination --- Vorm (Filosofie) --- Vormen--Perceptie --- Vormen--Waarneming --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Gestalt psychology --- Phenomenology --- Ontology --- Mathematics --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Gestaltpsychologie --- Phénoménologie --- Ontologie --- Mathématiques --- Congresses --- Philosophy --- Congrès --- Philosophie --- Forme (philosophie) --- Form perception. --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Phénoménologie --- Mathématiques --- Congrès --- Shape perception --- Perception des formes. --- Idealism --- Matter --- Metaphysics --- Structuralism --- Perception --- Visual perception --- Figure-ground perception --- Philosophy and science. --- Psycholinguistics. --- Language and languages—Philosophy. --- Phenomenology . --- Philosophy of Science. --- Philosophy of Language. --- Phenomenology. --- Philosophy, Modern --- Language, Psychology of --- Language and languages --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Linguistics --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Science and philosophy --- Science --- Psychological aspects