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The rise and fall of the Soviet Union
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ISBN: 0415122899 0415122902 Year: 1999 Publisher: London Routledge

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By Honor Bound : State and Society in Early Modern Russia
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ISBN: 1501707191 1501706969 9781501706967 0801434351 9781501707193 9781501707193 1501706950 Year: 1999 Publisher: Cornell University Press

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In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Russians from all ranks of society were bound together by a culture of honor. Here one of the foremost scholars of early modern Russia explores the intricate and highly stylized codes that made up this culture. Nancy Shields Kollmann describes how these codes were manipulated to construct identity and enforce social norms--and also to defend against insults, to pursue vendettas, and to unsettle communities. She offers evidence for a new view of the relationship of state and society in the Russian empire, and her richly comparative approach enhances knowledge of statebuilding in premodern Europe. By presenting Muscovite state and society in the context of medieval and early modern Europe, she exposes similarities that blur long-standing distinctions between Russian and European history.Through the prism of honor, Kollmann examines the interaction of the Russian state and its people in regulating social relations and defining an individual's rank. She finds vital information in a collection of transcripts of legal suits brought by elites and peasants alike to avenge insult to honor. The cases make clear the conservative role honor played in society as well as the ability of men and women to employ this body of ideas to address their relations with one another and with the state. Kollmann demonstrates that the grand princes-and later the tsars-tolerated a surprising degree of local autonomy throughout their rapidly expanding realm. Her work marks a stark contrast with traditional Russian historiography, which exaggerates the power of the state and downplays the volition of society.

Keywords

Diffamation --- Honneur --- Honor --- Libel and slander --- Courts of honor --- History. --- Soviet Union --- History --- Honor, Courts of --- Business ethics --- Legal ethics --- Medical ethics --- Calumny --- Defamation --- Slander --- Torts --- Honour --- Chivalry --- Conduct of life --- Law and legislation --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Courts --- Tribunaux --- Histoire --- Russia --- Courts of honor - Russia - History. --- Libel and slander - Russia - History. --- Honor - Russia - History. --- Patriarchy --- Muscovy --- litigation --- culture of honor --- Muscovite --- strategies of integration --- absolutist state --- European history --- early modern Russia


Book
Bjørnen og haren : Sovjetunionen og Danmark 1945-1965
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ISBN: 8778384850 Year: 1999 Publisher: Odense Odense Universitetsforlag

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Denmark --- Soviet Union --- -Foreign relations --- -Denmark --- -Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Denemarken --- Dania --- Dannemarc --- Denmaakʻŭ --- Danyah --- Daniyah --- Danmark --- Dennemarck --- Dacia (Kingdom) --- Danska --- Kingdom of Denmark --- Kongeriget Danmark --- Даниэ --- Daniė --- Дание --- Дание Королыгъо --- Danie Korolygʺo --- Denemarke --- Koninkryk van Denemarke --- Denemearc --- Denemearc þæt Cynerīce --- دنمارك --- Danimārk --- Dinamarca --- Reino de Dinamarca --- Ndinamayka --- Дания --- Danii︠a︡ --- Даниялъул Ханлъи --- Danii︠a︡lʺul Khanlʺi --- Danimarka --- Danimarka Krallığı --- Foreign relations --- Советский Союз --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS


Periodical
Modernités russes
Author:
ISSN: 27252124 Year: 1999 Publisher: Lyon : Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3,

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Russian literature --- Modernism (Literature) --- Modernism (Art) --- Literature, Experimental --- Literature, Experimental. --- Russian literature. --- History and criticism --- 1900-1999 --- Russia. --- Soviet Union. --- Soviet literature --- Crepuscolarismo --- Literary movements --- Art, Modernist --- Modern art --- Modernism in art --- Modernist art --- Aesthetic movement (Art) --- Art, Modern --- Avant-garde literature --- Experimental literature --- Avant-garde (Aesthetics) --- Literary style --- Ber. ha-M. --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- ESSD --- FSSR --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyīt --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Ittiḥād-i Shūrav --- KhSHM --- PSRS --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Russia --- Russland --- Rusyah --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- Shūrav --- SNTL --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- Soi͡uz Radi͡ansʹkykh Sot͡sialistychnykh Respublik --- Soi͡uz Sovetskikh Sot͡sialisticheskikh Respublik --- Soi͡uz SSR --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- Sovetskiĭ Soi͡uz --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Soyuz SSR --- SRSR --- SSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- SSṚM --- SSSR --- Su-lien --- Szovjetuni --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- TSRS --- UdSSR --- Uni Soviet --- Uni Sovjet --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- Union soviétique --- Unione Sovietica --- URSS --- USSR --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- ZSRR --- ZSRS --- Związek Radziecki --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- 1917 --- Rosja --- Rossīi͡ --- Rossīĭskai͡a Imperīi͡ --- Ṛusastan --- Russian Empire --- Russie --- Littérature russe --- Soviet Union --- Rossīi︠a︡ --- Rossīĭskai︠a︡ Imperīi︠a︡

Russia under western eyes : from the Bronze Horseman to the Lenin Mausoleum
Author:
ISBN: 0674040481 9780674040489 9780674781207 0674781201 0281069794 0281074062 Year: 1999 Publisher: Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press,

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A dazzling work of intellectual history by a world-renowned scholar, spanning the years from Peter the Great to the fall of the Soviet Union, this book gives us a clear and sweeping view of Russia not as an eternal barbarian menace but as an outermost, if laggard, member in the continuum of European nations.

Keywords

Russia --- Soviet Union --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Russie --- Rossīi︠a︡ --- Rossīĭskai︠a︡ Imperīi︠a︡ --- Russia (Provisional government, 1917) --- Russia (Vremennoe pravitelʹstvo, 1917) --- Ṛusastan --- Russia (Tymchasovyĭ uri︠a︡d, 1917) --- Russian Empire --- Rosja --- Russia (Territory under White armies, 1918-1920) --- History. --- Civilization. --- Foreign public opinion. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- HISTORY / Russia & the Former Soviet Union.

Interpreting the Russian Revolution : the language and symbols of 1917
Authors: ---
ISBN: 058535622X 9780585356228 9780300081060 0300081065 0300081065 Year: 1999 Publisher: New Haven : Yale University Press,

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"This is the first book in any language to offer a comprehensive analysis of the political culture of the Russian Revolution. Orlando Figes and Boris Kolonitskii examine the diverse ways that language and other symbols - including flags and emblems, public rituals, songs, and codes of dress - were used to identify competing sides and to create new meanings in the political struggles of 1917. The Revolution was in many ways a battle to control these systems of symbolic meaning, the authors find." "Figes and Kolonitskii consider the fundamental clash between the Western political discourse of the socialist parties and the traditional political culture of the Russian masses. They show how the particular conditions and perceptions that coloured Russian politics in 1917 led to the emergence of the cult of the revolutionary leader and the culture of the Terror."--Jacket.

Keywords

Regions & Countries - Europe --- History & Archaeology --- Russia & Former Soviet Republics --- Soviet Union --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- History --- Language. --- Psychological aspects. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS

Iconography of power : Soviet political posters under Lenin and Stalin
Author:
ISBN: 9780052087125 0520924061 058504788X 9780520924062 9780585047881 9780520087125 0520087127 9780520221536 0520221532 Year: 1999 Publisher: Berkeley, Calif. : University of California Press,

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Masters at visual propaganda, the Bolsheviks produced thousands of vivid and compelling posters after they seized power in October 1917. Intended for a semi-literate population that was accustomed to the rich visual legacy of the Russian autocracy and the Orthodox Church, political posters came to occupy a central place in the regime's effort to imprint itself on the hearts and minds of the people and to remold them into the new Soviet women and men. In this first sociological study of Soviet political posters, Victoria Bonnell analyzes the shifts that took place in the images, messages, styles, and functions of political art from 1917 to 1953. Everyone who lived in Russia after the October revolution had some familiarity with stock images of the male worker, the great communist leaders, the collective farm woman, the capitalist, and others. These were the new icons' standardized images that depicted Bolshevik heroes and their adversaries in accordance with a fixed pattern. Like other "invented traditions" of the modern age, iconographic images in propaganda art were relentlessly repeated, bringing together Bolshevik ideology and traditional mythologies of pre-Revolutionary Russia.Symbols and emblems featured in Soviet posters of the Civil War and the 1920s gave visual meaning to the Bolshevik worldview dominated by the concept of class. Beginning in the 1930s, visual propaganda became more prescriptive, providing models for the appearance, demeanor, and conduct of the new social types, both positive and negative. Political art also conveyed important messages about the sacred center of the regime which evolved during the 1930s from the celebration of the heroic proletariat to the deification of Stalin.Treating propaganda images as part of a particular visual language, Bonnell shows how people "read" them-relying on their habits of seeing and interpreting folk, religious, commercial, and political art (both before and after 1917) as well as the fine art traditions of Russia and the West. Drawing on monumental sculpture and holiday displays as well as posters, the study traces the way Soviet propaganda art shaped the mentality of the Russian people (the legacy is present even today) and was itself shaped by popular attitudes and assumptions.Iconography of Power includes posters dating from the final decades of the old regime to the death of Stalin, located by the author in Russian, American, and English libraries and archives. One hundred exceptionally striking posters are reproduced in the book, many of them never before published. Bonnell places these posters in a historical context and provides a provocative account of the evolution of the visual discourse on power in Soviet Russia.

Midwives Of The Revolution.
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1135362203 1280144076 9786610144075 020398160X 9780203981603 1857286235 9781857286236 9781857286243 1857286243 6610144079 9781135362201 1857286243 113536219X Year: 1999 Publisher: Hoboken : Routledge,

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An analysis of the part played by women in the Russian revolution. It aims to show that the extent of female activists' participation in the events of 1917 was far wider that has hitherto been thought.

Keywords

Women --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- History --- Soviet Union --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Women. --- Participation, Female. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Social change --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Sociology of work --- Community organization --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1999 --- Russia --- Revolution, 1917-1921 --- Participation [Female ] --- 20th century --- Feminism --- Working-class women --- Participation --- Rural areas --- Revolutions --- Book --- Communism


Book
Oteécestvo : istorija, ljudi, regiony Rossii : enciklopediéceskij slovar'
Authors: ---
ISBN: 5852703214 Year: 1999 Publisher: Moskva : Bol'saja Rossijskaja ènciklopedija,

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Rusland --- geschiedenis --- encyclopedieën --- encyclopedieën. --- Russia (Federation) --- Russia --- Soviet Union --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Russie --- Rossīi︠a︡ --- Rossīĭskai︠a︡ Imperīi︠a︡ --- Russia (Provisional government, 1917) --- Russia (Vremennoe pravitelʹstvo, 1917) --- Ṛusastan --- Russia (Tymchasovyĭ uri︠a︡d, 1917) --- Russian Empire --- Rosja --- Russia (Territory under White armies, 1918-1920) --- Russian Federation --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Eluosi (Federation) --- 俄罗斯 (Federation) --- RF (Russian Federation) --- Россия (Federation)


Periodical
Post-communist economies.
Author:
ISSN: 14653958 14631377 Year: 1999 Publisher: [Basingstoke, Hants, U.K] : [Abingdon, UK] : Carfax Publishing, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group

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Abstract

Keywords

Post-communism --- Economic aspects --- Economic history. --- Economische hervormingen. --- Economische situatie. --- Economic aspects. --- Russia (Federation) --- Europe, Eastern --- Europe, Eastern. --- 2. --- Economic conditions --- Business, management and economics --- History, Economic --- Postcommunism --- Federation of Russia --- Federazione della Russia --- Federazione russa --- O-lo-ssu --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- RF --- Roshia Renpō --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rosja --- Rossii︠a︡ --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rossiya --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Russian Federation --- Russische Föderation --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Communist countries --- Soviet Union --- Economics --- World politics --- Communism --- Iron curtain lands --- Russian satellites --- Second world (Communist countries) --- Soviet bloc --- Former communist countries --- Rossii͡ --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat͡sii --- Roshia Renp --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat͡sii͡ --- Rossiĭskai͡a Federat͡sii͡ --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Urysye Federat͡sie --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- Rosja (Federation) --- Rossii͡a (Federation) --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Economics. --- Former Soviet Republics. --- Post-communist countries. --- Soviet Union. --- Communist countries. --- Eastern Europe. --- Economic reforms. --- Economic situation --- Ber. ha-M. --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- ESSD --- FSSR --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyīt --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Ittiḥād-i Shūrav --- KhSHM --- PSRS --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Russia --- Russland --- Rusyah --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- Shūrav --- SNTL --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- Soi͡uz Radi͡ansʹkykh Sot͡sialistychnykh Respublik --- Soi͡uz Sovetskikh Sot͡sialisticheskikh Respublik --- Soi͡uz SSR --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- Sovetskiĭ Soi͡uz --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Soyuz SSR --- SRSR --- SSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- SSṚM --- SSSR --- Su-lien --- Szovjetuni --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- TSRS --- UdSSR --- Uni Soviet --- Uni Sovjet --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- Union soviétique --- Unione Sovietica --- URSS --- USSR --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- ZSRS --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- Eluosi (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Roshia Renpō --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Russische Föderation --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie

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