Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

#SBIB:35H224 --- #SBIB:003.IO --- Financieel management bij de overheid: audit --- Auditors' reports. --- Auditing --- Auditors' reports --- Accountants' reports --- Auditors' opinions --- Disclaimer opinions --- Opinions, Auditors' --- Qualified opinions (Auditing) --- Reports, Auditors' --- Financial statements --- Computer audits --- Computerized auditing --- EDP auditing --- Audits --- Accounting --- Comfort letters --- Automation --- Law and legislation --- Auditing. --- Law and legislation. --- Automation. --- Auditing - Law and legislation. --- Auditing - Automation.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Auditing --- Responsibility --- Management --- Organizational effectiveness --- #SBIB:35H224 --- boekhouding, controle --- boekhoudkundige fraude --- Financieel management bij de overheid: audit --- Audit --- Organization theory --- #SBIB:003.IO --- audit --- Audits --- Financial statements --- Accounting --- Comfort letters

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The entire difference between a mild downturn and a devastating crisis is the occurrence of sharp fire sales of domestic assets and possibly foreign exchange and the ensuing collapse in the balance sheets of both the financial and nonfinancial sector. Why and how do such crises materialize? And why doesn’t the private sector take appropriate precautions to avoid the consequences of crises? In this paper we argue that the combination of weak international financial links and underdeveloped domestic financial markets offers a parsimonious account of these and related phenomena present in emerging markets.

Accounting --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: Financial Services --- Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Portfolio Choice --- Investment Decisions --- Finance --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- Banking --- Collateral --- Financial statements --- Asset prices --- Asset liquidity --- Financial institutions --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Prices --- Asset and liability management --- Commercial banks --- Loans --- Finance, Public --- Banks and banking --- Liquidity --- Economics --- Mexico

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix on Portugal attempts to “feel the pulse” of Portugal’s banking system on the eve of European Monetary Union. It surveys the reforms of the financial sector, explores whether prudential concerns have arisen in the process of liberalization, and gauges how well prepared the Portuguese banking system is for heightened competition from abroad. The paper also draws policy lessons from its approach to reform. The paper reviews the financial liberalization process prior to Portugal’s accession to the European Union and its broadening thereafter.

Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Accounting --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Public finance accounting --- Commercial banks --- Personal income --- Credit --- Consumer credit --- Financial institutions --- National accounts --- Money --- Credit ceilings --- Income --- Banks and banking --- Finance, Public --- Portugal

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In efforts to reform the administration of tax systems, the World Bank can substantially improve project design, execution, and effectiveness by adopting a more concerted approach to institutional analysis. The main constraint on World Bank operations in tax and customs administration is the Bank's inadequate institutional framework for accumulating knowledge from loan operations, concludes this review of the Bank's record on reform of tax systems in the 1990s. The Bank's theoretical basis for reforming tax and customs administration is still rudimentary. Recent theories stress the importance of institutions that harness voice and improve transparency and contestability, but there is little evidence that reform of these factors alone makes tax administration more effective. Improvements are needed in pre-project diagnosis and project design, especially for examining accountability, administration costs, managerial autonomy, performance incentives for staff, taxpayer equity and services, and environmental factors. Pre-project work could draw more systematically on lessons from previous experience. Institutional components of project design have been biased toward organization, manpower upgrading, and procedures related to information technology. Too little attention has been paid to improving accountability, administrative cost-effectiveness, and anticorruption institution-building. Projects have made inadequate use of different kinds of performance indicators, with little uniformity in those applied. Methods used to evaluate project outcomes could be better and more uniform. Suggestions for future Bank operations: Doing better background work and articulating a strategy and comprehensive framework for Bank involvement in reform of tax administration; Possibly supporting and strengthening regional tax administration associations, which could serve as catalysts for change; Strengthening partnering and supporting private sector consultant organizations, so they can manage major components of administrative reform; Institutionalizing the accumulation of knowledge about tax administration (which might require changing staff recruitment, the mix of staff skills, and training plans). The authors provide recommendations for improving project diagnosis, design, performance indicators, and appraisal, as well as a short list of projects that serve as guides to good practice. This paper - a product of the Public Sector Management Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - is part of a larger effort in the network to draw on lessons of past Bank activity in order to pursue professional excellence and maximum client impact. The authors may be contacted at lbarbone@worldbank.org, oldmonk87@yahoo.com, ldewulf@worldbank.org, or ahansson1@worldbank.org.

Accountability --- Audits --- Bank --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Communities & Human Settlements --- Debt Markets --- E-Business --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Governance --- Governance Capacity Building --- Housing and Human Habitats --- Institutional Development --- Law and Development --- Lending --- Loans --- Macroeconomic Stability --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Principal --- Private Sector Development --- Projects --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Economics and Finance --- Revenue --- Risk --- Services --- Social Services --- Structural Adjustment --- Tax Law --- Tax Policy and Administration --- Tax Reform --- Taxation --- Taxation and Subsidies --- Technical Assistance --- Value