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Balance of trade --- Investments, Foreign --- United States --- Commercial policy.

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Balance of trade --- Non-tariff trade barriers. --- United States --- Commercial policy. --- Foreign economic relations.

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Balance of trade --- Non-tariff trade barriers. --- United States --- Commercial policy. --- Foreign economic relations.

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Industrial policy --- Manufacturing industries --- Technological innovations --- Balance of trade --- Competition, International. --- Government policy --- Economic aspects --- United States --- Commercial policy. --- Economic policy

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This paper estimates a gravity model to address the issue of whether intra-Arab trade is too little. Although gravity models have been extensively used to measure bilateral trade among countries, they have—to the best of our knowledge—never been used to measure intra-Arab trade. Our results suggest that intra-Arab trade and Arab trade with the rest of the world are lower than what would be predicted by the gravity equation, suggesting considerable scope for regional—as well as multilateral—integration. The results also suggest that intra-GCC and intra-Maghreb trade are relatively low while the Mashreq countries exhibit a higher level of intragroup trade.

Econometrics --- Exports and Imports --- Trade: General --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Econometric Modeling: General --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- International economics --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Exports --- Imports --- Gravity models --- Trade barriers --- Plurilateral trade --- International trade --- Econometric analysis --- Trade balance --- Econometric models --- Commercial policy --- Balance of trade --- Morocco