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A autora apresenta uma análise que vai da lógica da compaixão à lógica utilitarista, modalidades diferenciadas de intervenção sobre a saúde das pessoas e coletividades no século XIX e que, apesar de aparentemente antagônicas, estão mais próximas do que se possa imaginar. Analisa as motivações éticas a partir das quais se legitimaram diversas modalidades de assistência médica aos necessitados. Examina, também, a história de certas práticas e estratégias - a transformação do hospital em espaço médico, o papel da caridade e da filantropia e o nascimento da família moderna como agente de controle médico das populações. Constitui-se, assim, importante reflexão sobre os limites das duas estratégias das políticas assistenciais

MEDICAL

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Using the philosophical lens of universality and singularity in combination with nursing practice, Janice M. Brencick and Glenn A. Webster explore the complex relationship between science and technology, on the one hand, and the care of unique and complex individuals on the other. Through carefully crafted conversations between a nurse and many respected philosophers from Plato to Whitehead, the book reflects on spirituality, caring, and God or the One. The authors' unique perspectives--Brencick is a nursing clinician; Webster, a philosopher--provide a profound and fascinating look at the modern health care system and a new vision for health care in the twenty-first century.

NURSING --- MEDICAL --- Nursing --- Medical

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Vergleicht man die Entwicklung der modernen Medizinethik in Deutschland mit jener in den Niederlanden, fallen die kulturellen und intellektuellen Unterschiede zwischen beiden Ländern deutlich auf. Anhand der Problematik der Begrenzung medizinischen Handelns zeigen die Autoren die verschiedenen bzw. gemeinsamen Normen und Werte, die der Diskussion darüber in beiden Ländern zugrunde liegen. Drei Beispiele, die aktive Lebensbeendigung, die Nicht-Reanimierung und die Schmerzbekämpfung, die aus historischem, juristischem, philosophischem und ethischem Blickwinkel betrachtet werden, konkretisieren die Darstellung. Die Autoren gehören unterschiedlichen Generationen, politischen und lebensanschaulichen Lagern an.

Medical ethics --- Medical ethics

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This paper discusses the definition and identification of external treatment effects and experimental designs capable of detecting these effects. External effects occur when the outcome of a given individual is affected by the treatment assignments of other individuals. The paper argues that two-stage randomization schemes, which randomize allocation of treatments across communities and randomizes the treatments themselves within communities, are useful for identifying private and external treatment effects. The importance of external treatment effects are illustrated in the context of several health economics applications: the impact of R&D subsidies, smoking prevention programs for youth, and the evaluation of HIV-prevention programs currently taking place in Africa.

Medical economics. --- Economics, Medical.

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Medical law