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Credit ratings --- Landlord and tenant

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Collecting of accounts --- Credit ratings

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Changes in sovereign ratings affect country risk and stock returns. And these changes are transmitted across countries, with neighbor-country effects being more significant.

Country risk --- Credit ratings --- Financial crises --- Financial institutions --- Rate of return --- Ratings and rankings

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Credit risk is an important consideration in most financial transactions. As for any other risk, the risk taker requires compensation for the undiversifiable part of the risk taken. In bond markets, for example, riskier issues have to promise a higher yield to attract investors. But how much higher a yield? Using methods from contingent claims analysis, credit risk valuation models attempt to put a price on credit risk. This monograph gives an overview of the current methods for the valu­ ation of credit risk and considers several applications of credit risk models in the context of derivative pricing. In particular, credit risk models are in­ corporated into the pricing of derivative contracts that are subject to credit risk. Credit risk can affect prices of derivatives in a variety of ways. First, financial derivatives can be subject to counterparty default risk. Second, a derivative can be written on a security which is subject to credit risk, such as a corporate bond. Third, the credit risk itself can be the underlying vari­ able of a derivative instrument. In this case, the instrument is called a credit derivative. Fourth, credit derivatives may themselves be exposed to counter­ party risk. This text addresses all of those valuation problems but focuses on counterparty risk. The book is divided into six chapters and an appendix. Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction into credit risk and motivates the use of credit risk models in contingent claims pricing.

Credit ratings. --- Credit --- Risk management. --- Cotes de solvabilité --- Gestion du risque --- Management. --- AA / International- internationaal --- 333.130.2 --- 305.7 --- 333.605 --- 333.70 --- 333.109 --- Credit ratings --- -Risk management --- 332.632 --- Insurance --- Management --- Borrowing --- Finance --- Money --- Loans --- Commercial ratings --- Credit checks --- Credit guides --- Credit investigations --- Credit reports --- Ratings, Credit --- Bankliquiditeit. Verplichte reserves. Solvabiliteit. --- Econometrie van het gedrag van de financiële tussenpersonen. Monetaire econometrische modellen. Monetaire agregaten. vraag voor geld. Krediet. Rente. --- Nieuwe financiële instrumenten. --- Theorie en organisatie van het bankkrediet. --- Veiligheid. Bankovervallen. Bankrisico's. --- Cotes de solvabilité --- Risk management --- Credit management --- Econometrie van het gedrag van de financiële tussenpersonen. Monetaire econometrische modellen. Monetaire agregaten. vraag voor geld. Krediet. Rente --- Veiligheid. Bankovervallen. Bankrisico's --- Bankliquiditeit. Verplichte reserves. Solvabiliteit --- Nieuwe financiële instrumenten --- Theorie en organisatie van het bankkrediet --- Finance. --- Economics, Mathematical . --- Finance, general. --- Quantitative Finance. --- Economics --- Mathematical economics --- Econometrics --- Mathematics --- Funding --- Funds --- Currency question --- Methodology

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Using a panel of 27 countries, we analyze the effects of stock market liberalization on financial and macroeconomic development. We find that liberalization is associated with a short-term increase in real private investment growth of about 14 percentage points cumulatively in the four years following liberalization and a cumulative 4 percentage point increase in real GDP per capita growth. Growth tends to be higher if institutional reforms precede liberalization. In contrast to other studies, we also find evidence for a permanent growth effect of about 0.4 percent a year in an extended sample of 72 countries.

Finance: General --- Investments: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Finance --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Stock markets --- Private investment --- Market capitalization --- Financial sector development --- Credit ratings --- Financial markets --- National accounts --- Money --- Stock exchanges --- Saving and investment --- Financial services industry --- Sri Lanka