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J4900 --- J4900.90 --- Japan: Education -- general and history --- Japan: Education -- history -- postwar Shōwa (1945- ), Heisei period (1989- ), contemporary --- Education. --- Japan. --- East Asia. --- Education

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In the future a more competent workforce will be required as workers will have to acquire the competence to predict and deal with novel situations at work. This book aims to provide the reader with insightful perspectives about competence in different situations and contexts. It presents a more enlightened view of human competence by opening up an international dialogue about the meaning and interpretation of competence in the workplace, and the impact of learning environments on workplace policy and practice. Five major premises which provide a basis for how we interpret, experience, and teach competence in the workplace are put forward: notions of worker competence, and the persuasiveness of informal workplace training; developing competence as an individual, and the inherent relationship between the worker and work, and the lifeworld; learning which develops higher level competences based on a more holistic conception of competence; characteristics of learning environments as integral components of learning at work; learning environments construed as theoretical and methodological problems in terms of their impact on the acquisition of competence.

Vocational qualifications. --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Education - General --- Education. --- Learning. --- Instruction. --- Management. --- Teaching. --- School management and organization. --- School administration. --- Education, general. --- Learning & Instruction. --- Teaching and Teacher Education. --- Administration, Organization and Leadership. --- Administration, Educational --- Educational administration --- Inspection of schools --- Operation policies, School --- Policies, School operation --- School administration --- School inspection --- School operation policies --- School organization --- Schools --- Management --- Organization --- Didactics --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- School teaching --- Schoolteaching --- Instructional systems --- Pedagogical content knowledge --- Training --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Learning process --- Comprehension --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Teaching --- Inspection --- Management and organization --- Compétence --- Orientation professionnelle --- Formation en entreprise --- Travail

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In a brief summary, the debate concerning the nature of writing processes is about whether the essential characteristic of expertise in writing is a matter of mastering problem-solving strategies. In this respect, the role of social and interactive factors, such as writers' familiarity with the particular genre in which they are writing and their relationship with the discourse community in which they are participating, have been pointed out (e.g. Nystrand, 1989). According to the socio-interactive approach, which refers to Vygotsky's theory, the composition process is a dialogue between the writer and the reader made possible by socially shared knowledge. The meaning of a text is a social construct that is negotiated between the reader and the writer through the medium of the text. The importance of motivational aspects has also been highlighted by two main lines of research, studies of the relationship between writing and self-efficacy (e.g. Pajares & Johnson, 1994, 1996) and studies of the role of interest in the production of expository texts (e.g. Albin, Benton & Khramtsova, 1996; Benton, Corkill, Sharp, Downey, Khramtsova, 1995; Hidi & McLaren, 1990, 1991). Self-efficacy, in this context individuals' beliefs about their ability to produce certain types of texts, have been found to be predictive of writing skills, strategy use and writing performance. .

Psycholinguistics --- Didactics of languages --- Learning. --- Instruction. --- Education. --- Cognitive psychology. --- Applied linguistics. --- Learning & Instruction. --- Education, general. --- Cognitive Psychology. --- Applied Linguistics. --- Linguistics --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Cognitive science --- Psychology --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Learning process --- Comprehension --- Education

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Language arts (Early childhood) --- Early childhood education --- Alfabetisme. --- Kinderen. --- Taalvaardigheid. --- Language arts --- Study and teaching (Early childhood) --- Study and teaching --- Education --- 05.15 reading. --- Early childhood education. --- Literacy --- Reading (Early childhood) --- Literacy. --- geletterdheid --- literacy --- kinderen --- children --- Education (General) --- Onderwijs (algemeen) --- Reading --- Illiteracy --- General education --- Arts and Humanities. --- Education & Careers --- General and Others. --- Arts and Humanities --- General and Others

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Recognizing that intrahousehold inequalities exist, this study focuses on the distribution of resources toward children across household types. A bargaining framework is used to test whether it matters who has control over resources. Results show that control over resources matters, as well as the characteristics of family members. The policy implication is that the education of mothers is important to improve child welfare, over and above the benefits of cash transfer schemes. Parental education campaigns should accompany child welfare programs, particularly among indigenous families. Children fare better when mothers are educated, both parents are present, and there are fewer children.

Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis --- Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Education: General --- Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Household Analysis: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Education --- Public finance & taxation --- Labour --- income economics --- Personal income --- Household consumption --- Expenditure --- Labor --- National accounts --- Income --- Consumption --- Economics --- Expenditures, Public --- Labor economics --- Bolivia