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inflation --- taux de change --- deflation --- politique monetaire --- union monetaire --- AA / International- internationaal --- 333.841 --- 333.431 --- Inflation (Finance) --- -Inflation (Finance) --- -Monetary unions --- -332.41 --- Common currencies --- Currency areas --- Currency unions --- Optimum currency areas --- Currency question --- Money --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- inflatie --- wisselkoers --- deflatie --- monetair beleid --- monetaire unie --- Inflatie. --- Monetaire Unies. --- Mathematical models --- Monetary unions --- Mathematical models. --- 332.41 --- Monetaire Unies --- Inflatie --- Macroeconomics. --- European Economic Community literature. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- European Integration. --- Economics

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net income. It draws on the experience gained when the social security system in Italy was reformed in the early 1990s, which led to drastic reductions in the number of claims against the statutory pension scheme. The various sectors of the population (elderly people, young people, public employees as opposed to private­ sector employees, etc.) were affected to differing degrees. From Brugiavini's estimates, it becomes clear that a reduction in claims against the statutory pension system has led to a markedly increased willingness to save, particularly in the sectors of the population which were most affected. Reinhold Schnabel starts by discussing possible consequences of a pension cut from a German perspective. He discusses possible effects on saving and labour supply. In the second part of his comments he questions whether all of Brugiavini's interpretations of the "Italian experiment" are convincing. He doubts in particular, whether the reform was unexpected.

Money. Monetary policy --- Finance --- Monetary policy --- Older people --- AA / International- internationaal --- 333.846.5 --- 311.94 --- -Monetary policy --- -Aged --- -Finance --- -332.46 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Aged --- Aging people --- Elderly people --- Old people --- Older adults --- Older persons --- Senior citizens --- Seniors (Older people) --- Age groups --- Persons --- Gerontocracy --- Gerontology --- Old age --- Verband tussen de geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek en de besparingen, kapitaalvorming, verdeling van vermogens. --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking. --- 332.46 --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking --- Verband tussen de geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek en de besparingen, kapitaalvorming, verdeling van vermogens --- Macroeconomics. --- Public finance. --- Population. --- Aging. --- Finance. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- Public Economics. --- Population Economics. --- Finance, general. --- Age --- Ageing --- Senescence --- Developmental biology --- Longevity --- Age factors in disease --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Human ecology --- Sociology --- Demography --- Malthusianism --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Public finances --- Physiological effect --- Finance - Congresses. --- Monetary policy - Congresses. --- Older people - Congresses. --- Finance - Europe - Congresses. --- Monetary policy - Europe - Congresses.

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Manias, Panics and Crashes was first published in 1978, and dealt with financial crises that were, for the most part, before World War II. Black Monday of October 1987, along with more research especially on the years from 1880 to 1893 indicated a need for a second look. The third edition had its stimulus in the Japanese crash of January 1990, the effects of which carried through to decade. This new fourth edition covers the striking troubles of Mexico in 1994-95 and East Asia in 1997-98.

Financial crises. --- Business cycles. --- Depressions. --- Commercial crises --- Crises, Commercial --- Economic depressions --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- 331.160 --- 333.613 --- 338.54 --- Financiële geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Activiteiten van de nationale en internationale markten. Beursnoteringen van aandelen en obligaties. --- Financial crises --- Depressions --- History. --- E-books --- 338.124.4 --- 336.7 <09> --- Business cycles --- 336.7 <09> Geschiedenis van het bankwezen --- Geschiedenis van het bankwezen --- 338.124.4 Conjunctuurtheorie. Hoogconjunctuur. Laagconjunctuur. Depressie. Recessie. Crisis --- Conjunctuurtheorie. Hoogconjunctuur. Laagconjunctuur. Depressie. Recessie. Crisis --- -Financial crises --- -Business cycles --- -Depressions --- -AA / International- internationaal --- 333.17 --- 331.162.1 --- 331.12 --- 331.150 --- 333.481 --- History --- -Electronic information resources --- Electronic information resources --- Crises, saneringen en hervormingen van het bankwezen. --- Geschiedenis van de financiële markten. --- Geschiedenis van de industrie. --- Geschiedenis van het geldwezen: algemeenheden. --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering. --- Recessions --- Cycles --- Crises --- Money market. Capital market --- World history --- anno 1800-1899 --- -Electronic information resources. --- Macroeconomics. --- Economic history. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- Economic History. --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Economics. --- History -&delete& --- Financiële geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Activiteiten van de nationale en internationale markten. Beursnoteringen van aandelen en obligaties --- Crises, saneringen en hervormingen van het bankwezen --- Geschiedenis van de financiële markten --- Geschiedenis van de industrie --- Geschiedenis van het geldwezen: algemeenheden --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering --- -History