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The Guidelines are recommendations to multinational enterprises on their conduct in such areas as labour, environment, consumer protection and the fight against corruption. The recommendations are made by the adhering governments and, although they are not binding, governments are committed to promoting their observance.

International business enterprises. --- Corporations --- Corrupt practices. --- Corporate bribery --- Corporate corruption --- Corporate crime --- Business ethics --- Commercial crimes --- Business enterprises, International --- Corporations, International --- Global corporations --- International corporations --- MNEs (International business enterprises) --- Multinational corporations --- Multinational enterprises --- Transnational corporations --- Business enterprises --- Joint ventures

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Anguilla is in the process of strengthening its legal and supervisory framework, which includes the creation of an operationally independent regulatory body, the Financial Services Commission. Priority should be given to improving the system for suspicious transaction reports, enhancing the customer due diligence requirements for introduced business, and conducting onsite inspections of company and trust service providers. The aim is to issue regulatory and industry codes that broadly meet the recommended best practices as contained in the draft Offshore Group of Banking Supervisors’ Statement.

Banks and Banking --- Industries: Financial Services --- Criminology --- Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Banking --- Finance --- Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) --- Money laundering --- Offshore financial centers --- Financial services --- Terrorism financing --- Crime --- International finance --- Financial services industry --- Anguilla, United Kingdom

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The Mauritian economy showed strong performance owing to its sound macroeconomic policies. Executive Directors emphasized the need to remain competitive and address the growing unemployment problem. They commended the efforts to support the developments in financial services, free port activities, and information and communications technology. They appreciated the tightening of the monetary policy and stressed the need to strengthen the financial position and ensure fiscal sustainability. They welcomed the assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of the IMF, which provided technical assistance to Mauritius.

Investments: Commodities --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Agriculture: General --- Trade: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Investment & securities --- International economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Public debt --- Tariffs --- Agricultural commodities --- Imports --- Labor --- Taxes --- Commodities --- International trade --- Debts, Public --- Tariff --- Farm produce --- Labor economics --- Iraq

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This paper examines the revenue response to inflows of foreign aid in 107 countries during the period 1970–2000, In particular, it investigates whether the impact of aid on the revenue effort depends on the composition of aid (grants vis-à-vis loans). The results indicate that while concessional loans are associated with higher domestic revenue mobilization, the opposite is true of grants. On average, the dampening effect of grants on the revenue effort is modest. However, for those countries plagued by high levels of corruption, our results suggest that the decline in revenues completely offsets the increase in grants. The results are robust to various specifications.

Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: Financial Services --- Criminology --- Foreign Aid --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Bureaucracy --- Administrative Processes in Public Organizations --- Corruption --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Finance --- International economics --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Loans --- Foreign aid --- Personal income --- External debt --- Financial institutions --- Crime --- National accounts --- International relief --- Income --- Debts, External --- United States

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This paper examines the reasons why corruption and policy distortions tend to exhibit a high degree of persistence in certain regimes. We identify circumstances under which a firm seeks to evade regulations by (1) bribing of local inspectors, and (2) lobbying high-level government politicians to resist legal reforms designed to improve judicial efficiency and eliminate corruption. The analysis predicts that in politically unstable regimes, the institutions necessary to monitor and enforce compliance are weak. In such countries, corruption is more pervasive and the compliance with regulations is low. The empirical results support the predictions of the model.

Public Finance --- Taxation --- Environmental Economics --- Criminology --- Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior --- Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation --- Renewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy --- Bureaucracy --- Administrative Processes in Public Organizations --- Corruption --- Environmental Economics: General --- Education: General --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Tax Evasion and Avoidance --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Public finance & taxation --- Environmental economics --- Education --- Environment --- Legal support in revenue administration --- Tax evasion --- Crime --- Revenue administration --- Environmental sciences --- Revenue --- United States