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Statistik ("Staatenkunde"), Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und die Philosophie der Wahrscheinlichkeit sind auch als "siamesische Drillinge" bekannt. Das Buch analysiert den Werdegang der Statistik und zeigt Verbindungen zwischen der internalistischen Geschichte der Formalismen und Werkzeuge sowie der externalistisch orientierten Geschichte der Institutionen auf. Der Spannungsbogen erstreckt sich vom Vorabend der Französischen Revolution bis hin zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs, wobei Frankreich, Deutschland, England und die USA ausführlich behandelt werden. Was haben Richter und Astronomen gemeinsam? Wer waren die "politischen Arithmetiker"? Was ist ein "Durchschnittsmensch"? Wie ändert sich im Laufe der Zeit das, was man "Realismus" nennt? Kann man vom Teil auf das Ganze schließen? Und wenn ja, warum? Welche Rolle spielt der Franziskanerorden? Wir begegnen Adolphe Quetelet, Karl Pearson, Egon Pearson, Francis Galton, Emile Durkheim und vielen anderen. Glücksspiele, Zufall, Bayesscher Ansatz, das St. Petersburger Paradoxon, der Choleravibrio, Erblichkeit, das Galtonsche Brett, Taxonomie, Wahlprognosen, Arbeitslosigkeit und Ungleichheit, die Entstehung der Arten, die Ordnung der Dinge und die Dinge des Lebens – das sind die Themen des Buches. Aus den Rezensionen der englischen Auflage: "Das Buch ist eine philosophische und soziologische Reflexion über die Geschichte der Statistik. Statistik liefert nicht nur eine Beschreibung der Welt, sondern trägt gleichzeitig zu deren Neugestaltung bei. […] Die Kluft zwischen dem Erfundenen und dem Entdeckten, zwischen dem Realen und dem Konstruierten hat unter Historikern, Philosophen, Soziologen und Naturwissenschaftlern zu einer zunehmend fruchtlosen Debatte über das Wesen der Wissenschaft geführt. […] Das große Verdienst des Buches besteht darin, daß es einen Weg aus der Sackgasse zeigt, indem es statistische Entitäten als gleichzeitig real und konstruiert, als entdeckt und erfunden darstellt. Die kreativsten Metaphysiker sind heutzutage möglicherweise nicht in den Kreisen der Philosophen, Poeten oder Physiker zu finden, sondern unter den Verwaltungsstatistikern." Lorraine Daston, London Review of Books.

Probabilities. --- Statistics . --- Mathematics. --- History. --- Economic history. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Statistics, general. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- History of Economic Thought/Methodology.

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Silicon Valley is the most salient example of high-tech industrial clusters. Public policymakersthroughouttheworldwouldliketolearnthesecretsofSiliconValley in order to build their own high-tech economies. The existing literature on ind- trial clusters, which traces back to Marshall (1920), focuses on the way in which ?rms bene?t from locating in a cluster; it suggests that once a cluster comes into existence, it tends to reinforce itself by attracting more ?rms. However, a more important question is how to reach this critical mass in the ?rst place. In contrast to the literature, evidence suggests that entrepreneurs rarely move when they est- lish high-tech start-ups (Cooper and Folta, 2000). This contradicts the notion that location choice analyses lead entrepreneurs to a high-tech cluster. A high-tech industrial cluster such as Silicon Valley is characterized by c- centratedentrepreneurship. FollowingSchumpeter,weemphasizethefactthat“the appearance of one or a few entrepreneurs facilitates the appearance of others” (Schumpeter,1934). Weproposeanagent-basedcomputationalmodeltoshowhow high-tech industrial clusters could emerge in a landscape in which no ?rms existed originally. The model is essentially a spatial version of the Nelson-Winter model: Boundedly rational agents are scattered over an explicitly de?ned landscape. Each agent is endowed with some technology, which determines his ?rm’s productivity (if he has one). During each period of time, an agent with no ?rm would make a decision as to whether he wants to start one. This decision is mostly affected by the behavior of his social contacts, who are all his neighbors.

Technological innovations --- Entrepreneurship --- Evolutionary economics --- Economic aspects --- Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, --- Industrial organization. --- Economics. --- Economic history. --- Industrial Organization. --- Economics, general. --- History of Economic Thought/Methodology. --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Industries --- Organization --- Industrial concentration --- Industrial management --- Industrial sociology --- Management science. --- Quantitative business analysis --- Management --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- Schumpeter, Joseph A., --- Schumpeter, J. A. --- Shumpeter, I. --- Shumpeter, Ĭ. --- Shumpeter, Iosif Aloiz, --- Shumpeter, Ĭozef, --- Shunpētā,

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This volume is a collection of my essays on Gustav von Schmoller (1838– 1917), Max Weber (1864–1920), and Joseph Alois Schumpeter (1883–1950), published during the past fifteen years. These three intellectual giants are connected with the German Historical School of Economics in different ways. In the history of economics, the German Historical School has been described as a heterodox group of economic researchers who flourished in the Germ- speaking world throughout the nineteenth century. The definition of a “school” is always problematic. Even if the core of a certain idea were identified in the continuous and discontinuous process of the filiation and ramification of thought, it is still possible to trace its predecessors, successors, and sympathizers in different directions, creating an amorphous entity of a school. It is beyond question, however, that Schmoller was the leader of the younger German Historical School, the genuine school with a sociological 1 reality. Schmoller was indeed the towering figure of the Historical School at its zenith.

Economics --- History --- Schmoller, Gustav von, --- Weber, Max, --- Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Schmoller, Gustav Friedrich von, --- Von Schmoller, Gustav, --- Schmoller, G. --- Economic history. --- History of Economic Thought/Methodology. --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- 330.1542 --- 330.46 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Hedendaagse periode, met inbegrip van de psychologische school (Oostenrijkse), mathematische school, solidarisme, communisme, marxisme, bolsjewisme, anarchisme --- Schumpeter, Joseph A., --- Schumpeter, J. A. --- Shumpeter, I. --- Shumpeter, Ĭ. --- Shumpeter, Iosif Aloiz, --- Shumpeter, Ĭozef, --- Shunpētā, --- ウェーバー, マックス --- Weber, Max --- Ma-kʻo-ssu Wei-po, --- Makesi Weibo, --- Pebŏ, --- Pebŏ, Maksŭ, --- Vēbā, Makkusu, --- Veber, Maks, --- Vemper, Max, --- Webŏ, Maksŭ, --- Wei-po, Ma-kʻo-ssu, --- Weibo, --- Weibo, Makesi, --- ובר, מאקס, --- ובר, מאכס --- ובר, מקס --- 韦伯,

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One of the main features of the world economy since the late nineteenth century has been the growing dominance of the American economy in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Aspects of this development - e.g. rationalization or the world-wide diffusion of Coca-Cola - have been researched, but largely in isolation. Americanization of the European Economy provides a comprehensive yet compact survey of the growth of American economic influence in Europe since the 1880s. Three distinct but cumulative waves of Americanization are identified. Americanization was (and still is) a complex process of technological, political, and cultural transfer, and this overview explains why and how the USA and the American model of industrial capitalism came to be accepted as the dominant paradigm of political economy in today's Europe. Americanization of the European Economy summarizes the ongoing discussion by business historians, sociologists, and political scientists and makes it accessible to all types of readers who are interested in political and economic development.

Economic surveys --- 337 --- 331.100 --- EUR / Europe - Europa --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 327 <73> --- 338 <09> <4> --- 338 <09> <4> Economische geschiedenis--Europa --- Economische geschiedenis--Europa --- 327 <73> Buitenlandse betrekkingen. Buitenlandse politiek. Internationale betrekkingen. Internationale politiek. Wereldpolitiek--Verenigde Staten van Amerika. VSA. USA --- Buitenlandse betrekkingen. Buitenlandse politiek. Internationale betrekkingen. Internationale politiek. Wereldpolitiek--Verenigde Staten van Amerika. VSA. USA --- Surveys --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Europe --- United States --- Economic conditions. --- Foreign economic relations --- International economics. --- Economics. --- Political science. --- Economic history. --- International Economics. --- Economics, general. --- Political Science. --- History of Economic Thought/Methodology. --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Economic man --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Management science. --- Quantitative business analysis --- Management --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision