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Proceedings of the 20th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference
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The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. New this year are papers de scribing the development of very large pulse tube cryocoolers to provide up to 1500 watts of cooling for industrial applications such as cooling the superconducting magnets of Mag-lev trains, coolmg superconducting cables for the power mdustry, and liquefymg natural gas. Pulse tube coolers can be driven by several competing compressor technologies. One class of pulse tube coolers is referred to as "Stirling type" because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide coolmg m the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate ^t frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. A second type of pulse tube cooler is the so-called "Gifford-McMahon type. " Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation (~1 Hz) to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. The third type of pulse tube cooler is driven by a thermoacoustic oscillator, a heat engine that functions well in remote environments where electricity is not readily available. All three types are described, and in total, nearly half of this proceedings covers new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tube and Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials.
Low temperature engineering --- Engineering. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Astrophysics. --- Radiology, Medical. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Imaging / Radiology. --- Automotive Engineering. --- Clinical radiology --- Radiology, Medical --- Radiology (Medicine) --- Medical physics --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Space sciences. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Radiology. --- Automotive engineering. --- Radiological physics --- Radiation --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Materials
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Condensed Matter and Materials Science are two of the most active fields of applied physics, with a stream of discoveries in areas from superconductivity and magnetism to the optical, electronic and mechanical properties of materials. While a huge amount of data has been compiled and spread over numerous reference works, no single volume compiles the most used information. Springer Handbook of Condensed Matter and Materials Data provides a concise compilation of data and functional relationships from the fields of solid-state physics and materials in this 1200-page volume. The data, encapsulated in over 750 tables and 1025 illustrations, have been selected and extracted primarily from the extensive high-quality data collection Landolt-Börnstein and also from other systematic data sources and recent publications of physical and technical property data. Many chapters are authored by Landolt-Börnstein editors, including the editors of this Springer Handbook. Key Topics Fundamental Constants The International System of Units (SI) Rudiments of Crystallography The Elements Metals, Ceramics, Polymers, Glasses Semiconductors, Superconductors, Magnetic Materials, Dielectrics and Electrooptics Ferroelectrics and Antiferroelectrics Liquid Crystals Physics of Solid Surfaces, Mesoscopic and Nanostructered Materials Features Covers basic data, materials, properties and fabrication. Contains most frequently used data and relationships. Authoritative one-volume desk reference Contains most frequently used data and relationships in condensed-matter and materials science Incorporates the latest CODATA values for fundamental physical constants Provides quick access to applicable, reliable, and comprehensive data tables and graphs Electronic contents fully searchable on accompanying CD-ROM with links to Landolt-Boernsstein and other original literature Handy format, lucid two-color layout, uniformly styled figures, highly readable tables and visible tabs Contains 1000 two-color illustrations and over 900 comprehensive tables. Features exhaustive references to approved data. A detailed index and fully searchable CD-ROM guarantee quick access to data and links to other sources.
Condensed matter --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Condensed matter. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Materials at low temperatures. --- Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Low temperature materials --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Physics. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Metals. --- Materials science. --- Materials --- Thin films. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Metallic Materials. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Surfaces. --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Low temperature engineering --- Strength of materials --- Materials. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Optics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Electronic materials --- Surfaces (Technology). --- Optical Materials. --- Metals and Alloys. --- Characterization and Analytical Technique. --- Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Film. --- Analysis. --- Surface phenomena --- Friction --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Tribology --- Surfaces
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