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Partant d'une critique radicale de la conception linguistique courante des relations entre temporalité et modalité (catégories généralement tenues pur mutuellement exclusives), cet ouvrage propose un nouveau modèle, prédictif et réfutable, qui vise à établir deux propositions : - toute modalité est située dans le temps sous un aspect déterminé ; - le temps lui-même, parce qu'il opère continûment la conversion du possible en irrévocable, a une dimension intrinsèquement modale que l'aspect permet de moduler de diverses manières, proprement linguistiques. Ce modèle global est appliqué de façon détaillée à l'étude sémantique de quelques phénomènes grammaticaux particuliers du français : l'imparfait dans les hypothétiques, l'imparfait narratif, le conditionnel journalistique et le présent historique. La démarche s'inscrit dans une perspective cognitive plus générale, qui vise à définir la représentation non plus comme simple renvoi, mais – renouant avec la tradition rhétorique – comme un processus permettant, par le biais des dispositifs sémantiques spécifiques, de « rendre les choses absentes ».

French language --- French language --- Cognitive grammar. --- Tense. --- Temporal constructions.

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Grammar --- Space and time in language --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Romanian language --- Daco-Romanian dialect --- Romance languages --- Temporal constructions (Grammar) --- Locative constructions (Grammar) --- Language and languages --- Locative constructions --- Temporal constructions --- Syntax --- Case --- Linguistics --- Philology

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Time in Natural Language investigates the relationship between the syntactic and semantic representations of sentences within the domain of tense. Assuming that tenses are semantically composed of three distinct times, Thompson proposes that these times map onto the syntax in a regular fashion: each time is associated with a unique syntactic head. Adopting the Minimalist approach to syntactic theory, this approach makes possible insightful analyses of syntactic structures involving temporal dependency. Thompson argues that, depending on their adjunction site, temporal adverbials modify different parts of the tense structure of the clause. Locating the Event time within VP, it is correctly predicted that an adverbial that modifies the Event time is adjoined to VP. On the other hand, since the Reference time is argued to be within AspP, when an adverbial is adjoined to AspP, it modifies the Reference time. The syntax of temporal adjunct clauses is accounted for in a similar fashion; they may be adjoined either to VP, where they are interpreted as simultaneous with the matrix event, or to AspP, where they are interpreted as nonsimultaneous. Thompson shows that the analysis sheds light on the less-studied issue of the temporal syntax of arguments. Subjects with gerundive relative clauses are claimed to be interpreted in VP at LF when the relative clause is temporally dependent on the Event time of the main clause, and in TP when the relative clause is dependent on the Speech time of the main clause. By extending the syntactic proposal to investigate the discourse-level effects of tense, an original analysis of the discourse representation of tense is proposed. Thompson argues that the discourse representation of tense is based on same primitives and subject to the same principles as the syntactic representation of tense, based on an in-depth examination of the structure and meaning of the temporal discourse adverb then.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Semantics --- Discourse analysis --- Temporal constructions --- Syntax --- Discourse analysis. --- Semantics. --- Syntax. --- Temporal constructions. --- 801.56 --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Language and languages --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Temporal constructions (Grammar) --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Semiotics --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Temporal constructions --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Syntax

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French language --- Psycholinguistics --- Grammar --- Franse taalkunde --- Linguistique française --- Cognitive grammar --- Tense --- Temporal constructions --- Modalité (linguistique) --- Temps (linguistique) --- Linguistique cognitive --- 804.0-56 --- Frans: syntaxis; semantiek --- Cognitive grammar. --- Temporal constructions. --- Tense. --- 804.0-56 Frans: syntaxis; semantiek --- Langue d'oïl --- Romance languages --- Cognitive linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistique cognitive. --- French language - Tense --- French language - Temporal constructions --- Acqui 2006

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Le tiroir de l'imparfait a subi une extension considérable de ses usages à travers l'histoire du français. Il est devenu prototypique dans des contextes comme la description où l'ancienne langue utilisait le passé simple. Ces emplois prototypiques ont donné lieu à un large ensemble d'usages stylistiques. : hypothèse, discours indirect libre, imparfait de politesse, forain, hypocoristique, ludique et narratif. La diversité des usages pose la question de l'unité sémantique de la forme, non seulement en synchronie mais aussi dans les cadres de son évolution diachronique et de son acquisition. Ce problème est appréhendé à travers les analyses de Damourette et Pichon et de Wilmet, par le guillaumisme, la sémantique logique et la pragmatique de la pertinence. Ces cadres permettent d'identifier les paramètres en jeu dans chaque emploi, et les modes de leur application à une problématique sémantique particulièrement délicate. Le présent ouvrage saura donc intéresser autant les théoriciens du sens linguistique que les praticiens concernés par son organisation. The uses of the French imperfect have undergone a vast extension throughout the history of the French language. It has become prototypical in contexts such as description where old French used simple past. The prototypical uses have resulted in a large number of stylistic uses: hypothesis, free indirect speech, and the so-called forain, hypocoristique, ludique and narratif. The wide range of uses raises the question of the semantic unity of that form in synchrony as well as in diachrony. Here are gathered for the first time discussions of emergent uses of the imperfect, that are tackled through a variety of approaches (Damourette and Pichon's, Wilmet's or Guillaume's systems, logic semantics or relevance theory). This volume will be of interest for theoreticians interested in linguistic meaning and applied linguists concerned with its organization.

French language --- Grammar --- Discourse analysis. --- Space and time in language. --- Temporal constructions. --- Tense. --- Space and time in literature. --- Space and time as a theme in literature --- Language and languages --- French language - Temporal constructions. --- French language - Tense. --- Space and time in language --- Space and time in literature