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Gangs --- Gang members

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Gangs --- Juvenile delinquency --- Prevention.

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Since the late 1940's, a violent African criminal society known as the Marashea has operated in and around South Africa's gold mining areas. With thousands of members involved in drug smuggling, extortion, and kidnapping, the Marashea was more influential in the day-to-day lives of many black South Africans under apartheid than were agents of the state. These gangs remain active in South Africa. In We Are Fighting the World: A History of the Marashea Gangs in South Africa, 1947-1999, Gary Kynoch points to the combination of coercive force and administrative weakness that characterized

Gangs --- Crews (Gangs) --- Crime syndicates --- Street gangs --- Teen gangs --- Teenage gangs --- Criminals --- Juvenile delinquents --- Hoodlums --- History --- History. --- Violence --- Violent behavior --- Social psychology

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Gangs --- Noncitizen criminals --- Noncitizens --- Gang prevention

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Gangs. --- Insurgency. --- Organized crime. --- Government, Resistance to.