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Book
Lack of worksite enforcement and employer sanctions : hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, June 21, 2005.
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Year: 2005

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Book
Lack of worksite enforcement and employer sanctions : hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, June 21, 2005.
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Year: 2005

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Book
Lack of worksite enforcement and employer sanctions : hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, June 21, 2005.
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Year: 2005

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Book
Wage Determination in Northeast Brazil
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Year: 2005 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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This paper analyzes the labor markets in the states of Pernambuco, Bahia, Ceara, and the Northeast region of Brazil. The findings show a rather heterogeneous impact pattern of individual characteristics on monthly wages across the wage distribution. That is, the magnitude of the affect of a wage determinant is different depending on whether the worker is placed in the lower, median or top of the wage distribution. The findings reveal that education is key. Basic schooling matters for all four geographical areas and across the income distribution. However, poor workers are awarded lower returns than their richer peers and in Bahia and Ceara, the poor do not obtain any returns to basic schooling. Furthermore, the impact of 5-8 or 9-11 years of education is larger than that of 1-4 years of completed education. The returns obtained by a median worker are higher in Ceara and Pernambuco than in Bahia. Finally, completed tertiary education offers thelargest returns of all levels of education; the median worker receives a premium of 105, 249, and 216 percent in Ceara, Pernambuco, and Bahia, respectively. Hence, one direct policy implication is to increase the quality of education, in particular in poorer neighborhoods. Experience impacts positively on wages and it is increasing with age until workers reach 50 years of age. However, returns to experience are falling significantly across the wage distribution. For the poor and younger generations, experience contributes more to wages than education. The occupation of workers is important for wage determination; all workers in the included occupational groups are paid more than workers engaged in agricultural activities. Workers employed as technicians or administrators obtain the highest returns. The white/non-white wage disparity reveals that white workers are paid 17 percent more than their non-white co-workers, taking into account other characteristics. Gender disparities are large in the Northeast and heterogeneous across the wage distribution. The time spent in the current state impacts adversely on wages. That is, those that have stayed earn, on average, less than the newcomers. There are no considerable differences between male and female workers. Union membership has a positive impact on workers' wages.


Book
Labor Market Dynamics In Developing Countries : Comparative Analysis Using Continuous Time Markov Processes
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Year: 2005 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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The authors study the dynamics of three developing country labor markets using recent advances in the estimation of continuous time Markov processes. They first examine the flows of workers among five states: three types of paid labor, unemployment, and out of the labor force. The authors find a high degree of commonality in patterns of worker flows among the three countries and attempt to compare the flexibility of the markets by examining an index of overall mobility. Second, they seek to establish whether the issues of advanced country labor markets apply to developing country markets or whether the latter constitute a different phylum. Paralleling the mainstream literature on the role of being out of the labor force as discouraged unemployment, the authors then identify some common stylized facts about the role of the informal self-employed and salaried sectors and to what degree they serve as a holding pattern versus a desirable alternative to formal sector work. In the process, the authors identify very strong differences in mobility patterns between men and women and attempt to shed some light on whether these differences arise from discrimination or perhaps instead the constraints imposed by household responsibilities. Finally, they study labor market adjustment across the business cycle in Mexico and identify patterns of job creation and destruction among the three paid sectors and confirm the mainstream view of the role of out of the labor force as a procyclical phenomenon.


Book
Wage Determination in Northeast Brazil
Author:
Year: 2005 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Abstract

This paper analyzes the labor markets in the states of Pernambuco, Bahia, Ceara, and the Northeast region of Brazil. The findings show a rather heterogeneous impact pattern of individual characteristics on monthly wages across the wage distribution. That is, the magnitude of the affect of a wage determinant is different depending on whether the worker is placed in the lower, median or top of the wage distribution. The findings reveal that education is key. Basic schooling matters for all four geographical areas and across the income distribution. However, poor workers are awarded lower returns than their richer peers and in Bahia and Ceara, the poor do not obtain any returns to basic schooling. Furthermore, the impact of 5-8 or 9-11 years of education is larger than that of 1-4 years of completed education. The returns obtained by a median worker are higher in Ceara and Pernambuco than in Bahia. Finally, completed tertiary education offers thelargest returns of all levels of education; the median worker receives a premium of 105, 249, and 216 percent in Ceara, Pernambuco, and Bahia, respectively. Hence, one direct policy implication is to increase the quality of education, in particular in poorer neighborhoods. Experience impacts positively on wages and it is increasing with age until workers reach 50 years of age. However, returns to experience are falling significantly across the wage distribution. For the poor and younger generations, experience contributes more to wages than education. The occupation of workers is important for wage determination; all workers in the included occupational groups are paid more than workers engaged in agricultural activities. Workers employed as technicians or administrators obtain the highest returns. The white/non-white wage disparity reveals that white workers are paid 17 percent more than their non-white co-workers, taking into account other characteristics. Gender disparities are large in the Northeast and heterogeneous across the wage distribution. The time spent in the current state impacts adversely on wages. That is, those that have stayed earn, on average, less than the newcomers. There are no considerable differences between male and female workers. Union membership has a positive impact on workers' wages.


Book
Labor Market Dynamics In Developing Countries : Comparative Analysis Using Continuous Time Markov Processes
Authors: ---
Year: 2005 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Abstract

The authors study the dynamics of three developing country labor markets using recent advances in the estimation of continuous time Markov processes. They first examine the flows of workers among five states: three types of paid labor, unemployment, and out of the labor force. The authors find a high degree of commonality in patterns of worker flows among the three countries and attempt to compare the flexibility of the markets by examining an index of overall mobility. Second, they seek to establish whether the issues of advanced country labor markets apply to developing country markets or whether the latter constitute a different phylum. Paralleling the mainstream literature on the role of being out of the labor force as discouraged unemployment, the authors then identify some common stylized facts about the role of the informal self-employed and salaried sectors and to what degree they serve as a holding pattern versus a desirable alternative to formal sector work. In the process, the authors identify very strong differences in mobility patterns between men and women and attempt to shed some light on whether these differences arise from discrimination or perhaps instead the constraints imposed by household responsibilities. Finally, they study labor market adjustment across the business cycle in Mexico and identify patterns of job creation and destruction among the three paid sectors and confirm the mainstream view of the role of out of the labor force as a procyclical phenomenon.


Book
Analyse économique du droit de l'actionnariat salarié : apports et limites des approches contractualiste, néo-institutionnaliste et comparativiste de la gouvernance d'entreprise
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ISBN: 2802720384 9782802720386 Year: 2005 Volume: 44 Publisher: Bruxelles : Bruylant,

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La thèse que nous avons voulu défendre dans notre recherche doctorale est que, dans le domaine de l'actionnariat salarié, la production d'une gouvernance efficiente appelle l'instauration de dispositifs institutionnels spécifiques, organisant la coopération entre les diverses parties intéressées (les salariés, les dirigeants, les actionnaires). Nous avons montré que les solutions aujourd'hui proposées par la littérature dominante pour aménager l'actionnariat salarié restent rivées à une conception trop restreinte de cette exigence coopérative, car elles sont fondées sur une approche de l'entreprise et de sa gouvernance - l'approche contractualiste - qui est en défaut de prendre en compte la nécessité de renforcer les dispositifs institutionnels incitant les acteurs à adopter des stratégies coopératives. Selon cette approche contractualiste, en effet, l'arrangement qui maximise l'efficience de l'entreprise consiste à organiser la gouvernance par référence aux intérêts des seuls actionnaires, l'actionnariat salarié se réduisant alors à un mécanisme incitatif de nature contractuelle destiné à aligner les intérêts du personnel sur ceux des actionnaires, mis en position de créanciers résiduels. Notre travail a permis de mettre en lumière le caractère réducteur d'une telle approche. Il comporte deux niveaux distincts, mais solidaires : un niveau 'empirique' et un niveau théorique. D'un point de vue empirique, nous avons étudié de manière approfondie, dans une perspective comparative, le régime juridique de l'actionnariat salarié en droit américain et français. L'objectif de cette analyse empirique est triple. D'abord, nous avons montré que le modèle de gouvernance des plans d'actionnariat salarié privilégié par le droit américain est un modèle de type 'shareholder', c'est-à-dire tourné vers la valorisation des intérêts des actionnaires et fondé sur une logique individuelle et financière. Il attribue à un organe unique – le 'trustee'- le soin de déterminer, sous le contrôle du juge, quelle est la solution qui maximise l'intérêt collectif et abstrait des parties concernées, celui-ci étant réduit à une dimension exclusivement monétaire (évaluable en argent). Ce modèle repose sur une représentation théorique qui, aujourd'hui, domine la plupart de la littérature juridique contemporaine sur la 'corporate governance' et qui est celle de la firme comme 'nexus of contracts'. Sans rentrer dans son analyse, relevons seulement qu'en justifiant que la 'corporate governance' ne s'organise que par la seule référence aux intérêts des actionnaires, cette représentation conçoit l'actionnariat salarié comme un mécanisme contractuel à caractère incitatif. En cela, elle n'envisage pas la possibilité d'instaurer des dispositifs institutionnels organisant une coopération entre les différents acteurs concernés dans le but d'assurer la réalisation la plus efficiente possible de l'objectif recherché qui est d'accroître les performances des entreprises. Ensuite, au travers de la jurisprudence, nous avons identifié certains dysfonctionnements du dispositif américain ; ceux-ci ayant trait, pour la plupart, à la possible instrumentalisation des plans d'actionnariat salarié par les dirigeants. Enfin, nous nous sommes demandés si ces dysfonctionnements identifiés ne faisaient pas apparaître la nécessité d'une modification du modèle 'actionnarial' de gouvernance. Face à la pluralité des intérêts qui composent l'actionnariat salarié, les problèmes liés à leur articulation ne pourraient-ils pas être appréhendés de manière plus efficiente en organisant un dispositif partenarial mettant en présence discursive toutes les parties intéressées ? Nous avons alors effectué une étude approfondie du droit français de l'actionnariat salarié, car celui-ci constitue un champ où s'expérimentent de façon sensible des dispositifs plus 'partenariaux' de gouvernance de l'actionnariat salarié (les partenaires sociaux et les représentants des travailleurs-actionnaires sont impliqués dans l'organisation et la gestion des plans d'actionnariat). En révélant l'émergence d'une évolution coopérative de la gouvernance de l'actionnariat salarié, le droit français donne implicitement à voir un modèle de gouvernance de l'actionnariat salarié dans lequel la détermination de l'intérêt collectif passe, non par un renvoi au juge, mais par la reconstruction de procédures délibératives permettant aux divers intérêts de s'exprimer. D'un point de vue théorique, nous avons reconstruit le modèle qui, aujourd'hui, soutient la conception dominante en matière d'actionnariat salarié. Ce modèle, qui est celui de la firme comme 'nexus of contracts', fait de la souveraineté actionnariale la variable pivot de la gouvernance et assimile l'actionnariat salarié à un contrat incitant les travailleurs à accroître la valeur financière de leur entreprise. Nous avons montré que la manière dont le modèle contractualiste définit les conditions d'une gouvernance efficiente est affectée d'une insuffisance qui conduit celui-ci à sous-estimer l'importance des dispositifs institutionnels incitants les acteurs à adopter des stratégies coopératives. Nous avons alors tenté d'approfondir notre critique du modèle contractualiste en convoquant trois approches théoriques qui invitent à dépasser la conception de l'efficience et par là, de la gouvernance mobilisée par ce modèle : la théorie des coûts de transaction d'Oliver Williamson, l'approche néo-institutionnaliste de Douglass North et l'approche comparativiste en terme de 'path dependency' de Mark Roe. L'enjeu a été de montrer que, prises successivement et en suite logique, ces approches ouvrent une voie théorique susceptible de rendre compte de la nécessité de renforcer les dispositifs institutionnels visant à inciter les acteurs à s'engager dans la coopération négociée de normes communes pour réaliser l'objectif visé - qui est d'améliorer l'efficience des entreprises dans un environnement globalisé.


Book
Advanced practice nursing : emphasizing common roles
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1281376205 9786611376208 1429426802 Year: 2005 Publisher: [Place of publication not identified] F A Davis

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Prepare your graduate students to take leadership roles in the future of Advanced Practice Nursing. This book enables APNs to understand the practice challenges facing them today, and to think about new ways of affecting changes to health policy that will ensure that patients receive quality, cost-effective care, and that will recognize APNs as full participants.

Keywords

Nurses --- Health Personnel --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Occupational Groups --- Persons --- Health Care --- Nurse Practitioners --- Nurse Midwives --- Nurse Clinicians --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Nursing --- Clinical Nurse Specialist --- Nurse Specialist, Clinical --- Nurse Specialists, Clinical --- Specialist, Clinical Nurse --- Specialists, Clinical Nurse --- Clinical Nurse Specialists --- Clinician, Nurse --- Clinicians, Nurse --- Nurse Clinician --- Nurse-Midwife --- Nurse-Midwives --- Nurse Midwife --- Midwifery --- Nurse Practitioner --- Practitioner, Nurse --- Practitioners, Nurse --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Person --- Group, Occupational --- Groups, Occupational --- Occupational Group --- Employee --- Employees --- Personnel --- Worker --- Workers --- Occupations --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Healthcare Providers --- Healthcare Workers --- Health Care Professionals --- Health Care Providers --- Health Care Professional --- Health Care Provider --- Healthcare Provider --- Healthcare Worker --- Personnel, Health --- Professional, Health Care --- Provider, Health Care --- Provider, Healthcare --- Nursing Personnel --- Personnel, Nursing --- Registered Nurses --- Nurse --- Nurse, Registered --- Nurses, Registered --- Registered Nurse --- United States. --- DVA --- D.V.A. --- VA --- V.A. (Veterans Affairs)

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