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De auteurs verklaren de werking van de markteconomie zoals ze in West-Europa functioneert. Het marktmechanisme zorgt voor dynamiek en efficiëntie, de overheid voor sturing en sociale en ecologische correcties. Er wordt veel aandacht besteed aan werkgelegenheid en werkloosheid en aan inkomensvorming en inkomensverdeling. Vanzelfsprekend wordt ook de internationale context niet vergeten, met de globalisering en de grote verschillen in ontwikkeling tussen landen. De auteurs vermijden wiskundige bewijsvoeringen en leggen de nadruk op het maatschappelijke belang van economisch verschijnselen
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Dynamic Modeling of Monetary and Fiscal Cooperation Among Nations analyzes coordination of monetary and fiscal stabilization policies between countries and currency areas using a dynamic game approach. The first four chapters introduce the reader to the dynamics of fiscal and monetary policy cooperation. Issues covered include: fiscal coordination, fiscal stringency requirements, structural and bargaining power asymmetries and the design of monetary and fiscal policymaking in a monetary union. In the four last chapters multiple-player settings with aspects of fiscal and/or monetary coordination are analyzed using the endogenous coalition formation approach. The analysis is focused on shock and model asymmetries and issues of multi-country coordination in the presence of (possibly many) monetary unions.
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Venture capital is widely regarded as an important driver of economic growth. While the USA has the largest and most sophisticated venture capital market in the world, its German counterpart has only recently begun to mature, and numerous governmental schemes exist that are meant to help speed up the development of the German market. Yet, little is known about the efficiency and the impact of these efforts. Arnd Plagge evaluates public policy for venture capital in the USA and Germany and presents a comprehensive study of the American and the German market for venture capital. Based on an extensive review of theoretical and empirical evidence, he shows that current German public policies aimed at fostering venture capital activity are severely flawed and that only a reversal of priorities, away from supply-side policies and towards a demand-oriented stance, will yield real payoffs.
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The last decade has witnessed a dramatic change in attitude towards foreign direct investment (FDI) and a significant increase in competition between governments to attract FDI as a result. These "locational tournaments" are perpetuated not simply by classical factor endowments, but also by government interventions that impact both market imperfections and FDI flows. Based on the practical insights and experience gained in his professional work on FDI in developing countries at the World Bank, and using the EU's competition framework as an example, Stephan J. Dreyhaupt analyses whether or not a multilateral system of investment rules can be economically and politically effective. He also examines what constitutes a viable arrangement for inter-jurisdictional and inter-regional FDI governance. The author applies the framework of the New Institutional Economics analysis to the study of FDI competition to buttress the main research contention that FDI policy competition requires adequate institutional choices in order to be effective and efficient.
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Some economic phenomena are predictable and controllable, and some are impos sible to foresee. Existing economic theories do not provide satisfactory answers as to what degree economic phenomena can be predicted and controlled, and in what situations. Against this background, people working on the financial front lines in real life have to rely on empirical rules based on experiments that often lack a solid foundation. "Econophysics" is a new science that analyzes economic phenomena empirically from a physical point of view, and it is being studied mainly to offer scientific, objective and significant answers to such problems. This book is the proceedings of the third Nikkei symposium on ''Practical Fruits of Econophysics," held in Tokyo, November 9-11, 2004. In the first symposium held in 2000, empirical rules were established by analyzing high-frequency finan cial data, and various kinds of theoretical approaches were confimied. In the second symposium, in 2002, the predictability of imperfections and of economic fluctua tions was discussed in detail, and methods for applying such studies were reported. The third symposium gave an overview of practical developments that can immedi ately be applied to the financial sector, or at least provide hints as to how to use the methodology.
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The principal aim of BIASED TECHNICAL CHANGE AND ECONOMIC CONSERVATION LAWS is twofold: to reveal the new economic significance of the old concept of biased technical change and the current application of the new concept of economic conservation laws. Although terms such as "labor saving" and "capital saving" fall under the category of biased technical change, the first of these topics, no model exists in which biased technical change gives rise endogenously to technical progress. A special feature of this book is its thorough investigation and analysis of these issues, which go far beyond existing studies in this area. The concept of economic conservation laws dates back to Ramsey's classic study of 1928. This book primarily makes use of Lie groups to shed new light on the analysis of economic conservation laws. Economic conservation laws are not simply abstract concepts; this book shows that they are tools of empirical analysis that can be applied to such topics as analyses of macro performance and corporate efficiency.
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The European Patent System is facing major challenges resulting from an extension of patentable subject matter leading to an increasing number of patent applications. The European Patent Office has responded with admirable flexibility, but continuing technological change and greater importance ascribed to patents are leading to lengthened examination periods, rising opposition figures and changing behaviour of patent applicants. Stefan M. Wagner analyses problems associated with institutional changes (duration of patent examination and opposition mechanisms), the expansion of the patentable subject matter and organizational challenges for industrial patentees. The study is based on the empirical analysis of large scale datasets on European patents and employs advanced multivariate methods such as semi-parametric and panel-data regression methods.
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Economic policy making matters to all of us. Economists are supposed to provide the necessary knowledge which enables policy makers to take effective economic policy decisions. Gregor Betz explores the following questions: " Where are the limits of economics, in particular the limits of economic foreknowledge? " Are macroeconomic forecasts credible predictions or mere prophecies and what would this imply for the way economic policy decisions are taken? " Is rational economic decision making possible without forecasting at all? Numerous case studies, drawn from economics and natural sciences, underpin the general argumentation.
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