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Catalysts. --- Chemical reactors.

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Although solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been practiced for many centuries in the preparation of traditional fermented foods, its application to newer products within the framework of modern biotechnology is relatively restricted. It was c- sidered for the production of enzymes in the early 1900s and for the production of penicillin in the 1940s, but interest in SSF waned with the advances in submerged liquid fermentation (SLF) technology. The current dominance of SLF is not s- prising: For the majority of fermentation products, it gives better yields and is e- ier to apply. It is notoriously difficult to control the fermentation conditions in SSF; these difficulties are already apparent at small scale in the laboratory and are exacerbated with increase in scale. However, there are particular circumstances and products for which SSF technology is appropriate. For example, a desire to reuse solid organic wastes from agriculture and food processing rather than simply discarding them leads naturally to the use of SSF. Further, some microbial pr- ucts, such as fungal enzymes and spores, amongst others, are produced in higher yields or with better properties in the environment provided by SSF systems. With recognition of this potential of SSF, a revival of interest began in the mid- 1970s. However, the theoretical base for SSF bioreactor technology only began to be established around 1990.

Bioreactors --- Solid-state fermentation. --- Design and construction. --- Solid-phase fermentation --- Fermentation --- Solid-phase biochemistry --- Biochemical reactors --- Reactors, Biochemical --- Biochemical engineering --- Chemical reactors --- Equipment and supplies --- Biochemical engineering. --- Microbiology. --- Food science. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Biochemical Engineering. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Food Science. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Science --- Bio-process engineering --- Bioprocess engineering --- Biochemistry --- Biotechnology --- Chemical engineering --- Solid-state fermentation --- 66.089 --- Biotechnologie --- Fermentatie --- Design and construction --- Food—Biotechnology. --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry

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Many plants, animals, and microbes use adhesive polymers and structures to attach to inert substrates, to each other, or to other organisms. This is the first major review that brings together research on many of the well-known biological adhesives. Emphasizing the diversity of biological adhesives and associated adhesion processes, it deals with bacteria, fungi, algae, and marine and terrestrial animals. It bridges a variety of disciplines including biochemistry, molecular biology, biomechanics, bioengineering, microbiology, organism structure and function, and ultrastructure. As we learn more about the molecular and mechanical properties of these adhesives, we begin to understand why they adhere so well and how they develop cohesive strength. With this understanding comes the prospect of developing synthetic or semi-synthetic adhesives with broad applications in areas such as medicine, dentistry, and biotechnology. The book is suitable for both industrial and academic researchers.

Adhesion. --- Adhesives. --- Cell adhesion molecules. --- Cell adhesion. --- Adherence, Cell --- Cell adherence --- Adhesion --- Cell interaction --- Membrane fusion --- Junctional complexes (Epithelium) --- Adhesion molecules (Cytology) --- Adhesion substances (Cytology) --- Cell adhesion substances --- Intercellular adhesion molecules --- Morphoregulatory molecules --- Biomolecules --- Desmosomes --- Hemidesmosomes --- Agglutinants --- Bonding agents (Adhesives) --- Binders (Materials) --- Cement --- Cements, Adhesive --- Glue --- Mucilage --- Adsorption --- Cohesion --- Biochemistry. --- Microreactors. --- Biotechnology. --- Biomaterials. --- Microbiology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Microengineering. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Biomedical engineering --- Materials --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Micro-chemical engineering --- Microchannel reactors --- Microfabricated reactors --- Microreaction technology --- Mini-scale reactors --- Nano-scale reactors --- Chemical reactors --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Biological physics --- Physics --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials)