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Fuzzy Set Approach to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1280724439 9786610724437 0387342516 0387342494 1441941711 9780387342498 Year: 2006 Publisher: New York, NY : Springer US : Imprint: Springer,

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Abstract

Recent theoretical and empirical studies have concluded that in order to be accurate, poverty and deprivation must be measured within a multidimensional framework that is consistent, efficient, and statistically robust. The fuzzy set approach to poverty measurement was developed in the early 1990s and continues to be refined by scholars of economics and sociology who find the traditional "monetary-only" indicators to be inadequate and arbitrary. This volume brings together advanced thinking on the multidimensional measurement of poverty, including the theoretical background, applications to cross-sections using contemporary European examples, and longitudinal aspects of multidimensional fuzzy poverty analysis that pay particular attention to the transitory, or impermanent, conditions that often occur during transitions to market economies. This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers and will be a useful text on poverty for advanced students in applied statistics, urban planning, economics, and sociology. Achille Lemmi is Professor of Economic Statistics at the University of Siena. His areas of interest and research include personal income distribution models, poverty and living conditions estimation and analysis, and poverty dynamics. Gianni Betti is Associate Professor of Economic Statistics at the University of Siena. His areas of interest and research include poverty and living conditions analysis, equivalence scales, small area estimation and poverty mapping.

The Economics of Persistent Innovation: An Evolutionary View
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780387292458 0387288724 9780387288727 9786612287541 1282287540 0387292454 1489973621 Year: 2006 Publisher: New York, NY : Springer US : Imprint: Springer,

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William Latham Christian Le Bas Persistence of firm innovative behavior became an important topic in applied industrial organization with the publication of the seminal empirical work of P. Geroski and his colleagues (1997). Evidence that firms innovate persistently has led previous studies to focus on the determinants of innovation persistence and on its heterogeneity across industries, technologies and countries. The aims of this book are: (1) to illumine the scale and scope of the phenomenon of persistence in innovation, and (2) to account for the principal factors that explain why some firms innovates persistently and others do not. Because this book deals intensively and extensively with the subject of firm innovation persistence, which is not, as yet, a well-known term, we need to provide a nontrivial definition of it that encompasses the full range topics we want to address and aids our understanding of how they are related to each other. We begin with a careful identification of "innovation. " Our first definition is drawn from K. Pavitt (2003), "innovation processes involve the exploration and exploitation of opportunities for a new or improved product, process or service, based either on an advance in technical practice or a change in market demand, or a combination of the two. " While this definition is clear, and conforms well to both our empirical and theoretical perspectives, some elaboration may help to clarify the concept.

Keywords

Economics/Management Science. --- R & D/Technology Policy. --- Entrepreneurship. --- Economics/Management Science, general. --- Economics. --- Economie politique --- Entrepreneuriat --- AA / International- internationaal --- 338.043 --- 338.6 --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica. --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling. --- Technological innovations. --- Technological innovations --- Diffusion of innovations --- Economic History --- Political Institutions & Public Administration - General --- Business & Economics --- Government - General --- Law, Politics & Government --- Economic aspects --- Economic aspects. --- Innovations, Diffusion of --- Business. --- Management science. --- Economic policy. --- Business and Management, general. --- Acculturation --- Communication --- Culture diffusion --- Trade --- Economics --- Management --- Commerce --- Industrial management --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Capitalism --- Business incubators --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling --- Quantitative business analysis --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- Organització industrial --- Gestió de la innovació --- Recerca industrial --- Emprenedoria --- Creadors d'empreses --- Emprenedors (Economia política) --- Entrepreneurship (Economia) --- Esperit emprenedor --- Esperit empresarial --- Iniciativa empresarial --- Capitalisme --- Emprenedoria social --- Beneficis --- Creació d'empreses --- Creativitat en els negocis --- I+D --- I + D --- I+D+I --- I + D + I --- Desenvolupament i investigació científica --- Desenvolupament tecnològic i investigació científica --- Investigació científica i desenvolupament --- Investigació, desenvolupament i innovació --- Investigació i desenvolupament --- Investigació industrial --- R+D --- R + D --- R+D+I --- R + D + I --- Recerca, desenvolupament i innovació --- Indústria --- Investigació --- Transferència de tecnologia --- Innovacions tecnològiques --- Invents --- Productes nous --- Administració --- Fertilització creuada de coneixements i tecnologies --- Innovació oberta --- Gestió de la tecnologia --- Administració industrial --- Economia dirigida --- Organització d'indústries --- Integració vertical --- Oligopolis --- Reconversió industrial --- Economia d'empresa

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