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An in-depth study, originally published in 2006, of the careers and roles of judges in France, Germany, Spain, Sweden and England, this book is based on original language materials and investigations of judges and judicial institutions in each country. On the basis of these detailed case studies, the book suggests factors that shape the character of the judiciary in different countries, focusing on issues such as women's careers and the relationship between judicial careers and politics. Bell's investigations offer lessons on issues which the English judiciary was having to confront in the period of reform at the time of this book's publication.

Judges --- Courts --- Justice, Administration of --- Alcaldes --- Cadis --- Chief justices --- Chief magistrates --- Justices --- Magistrates --- Judiciary --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation --- Dispute resolution (Law) --- Judicial districts --- Law --- Procedure (Law) --- Judicial power --- Jurisdiction --- Officials and employees --- General and Others --- Judges - Europe --- Courts - Europe --- Justice, Administration of - Europe

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In this 2006 book, Adriaan Lanni draws on contemporary legal thinking to present a model of the legal system of classical Athens. She analyses the Athenians' preference in most cases for ad hoc, discretionary decision-making, as opposed to what moderns would call the rule of law. Lanni argues that the Athenians consciously employed different approaches to legal decision-making in different types of courts. The varied approaches to legal process stems from a deep tension in Athenian practice and thinking, between the demand for flexibility of legal interpretation consistent with the exercise of democratic power by ordinary Athenian jurors; and the demand for consistency and predictability in legal interpretation expected by litigants and necessary to permit citizens to conform their conduct to the law. Lanni presents classical Athens as a case study of a successful legal system that, by modern standards, had an extraordinarily individualised and discretionary approach to justice.

Justice, Administration of (Greek law) --- Courts --- Judicial process --- Decision making, Judicial --- Judicial behavior --- Judicial decision making --- Judges --- Law --- Procedure (Law) --- Judiciary --- Dispute resolution (Law) --- Judicial districts --- Judicial power --- Jurisdiction --- Justice, Administration of --- Law, Greek --- History. --- Psychological aspects --- Interpretation and construction --- Law and legislation --- Constitutional history. --- Democracy. --- Law, Greek. --- Rule of law. --- Constitutional history --- Rule of law (Greek law) --- Democracy --- Law - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law - Africa, Asia, Pacific & Antarctica --- Greek law --- Law, Ancient --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Constitutional history, Modern --- Constitutional law --- Constitutions --- History --- Justice, Administration of (Greek law). --- Rule of law (Greek law). --- Arts and Humanities

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Justice, Administration of (Islamic law) --- Islamic law --- Courts --- Muslims --- Almoravides --- History --- Histor. --- Andalusia (Spain) --- Spain --- Politics and government --- Civilization --- Islamic influences --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Islam --- Civil law (Islamic law) --- Law, Arab --- Law, Islamic --- Law in the Qurʼan --- Sharia (Islamic law) --- Shariʻah (Islamic law) --- Law, Oriental --- Law, Semitic --- Judiciary --- Dispute resolution (Law) --- Judicial districts --- Law --- Procedure (Law) --- Judicial power --- Jurisdiction --- Justice, Administration of --- Almoravids --- Murābiṭun --- Law and legislation --- Andalucía (Spain) --- Andalousie (Spain) --- Andalusien (Spain) --- Autonomous Community of Andalusia (Spain) --- Communauté autonome d'Andalousie (Spain) --- Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía (Spain) --- Baetica (Spain) --- Junta de Andalucía (Spain) --- Andalus (Spain) --- Bética --- Al-Andalus --- Islamic influences. --- History. --- Politics and government. --- Justice, Administration of (Islamic law) - Spain - Andalusia - History --- Islamic law - Spain - Andalusia - History --- Courts - Spain - Andalusia - History --- Muslims - Spain - Andalusia - Histor. --- Almoravides - Spain --- Andalusia (Spain) - Politics and government - 711-1516 --- Andalusia (Spain) - History --- Andalusia (Spain) - Civilization - Islamic influences --- Spain - Civilization - 711-1516 --- Justice --- Al-andalus --- Andalousie (espagne) --- Administration (droit islamique) --- Espagne --- Moyen âge --- Civilisation --- Administration