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This paper reviews a broad set of indicators of competitiveness in the Macedonian economy and estimates the equilibrium real effective exchange rate (REER) using different methodologies. Although the REER is broadly in equilibrium at present, structural factors are found to hamper competitiveness. While a more competitive exchange rate might improve short-term export performance, sustained improvements require enhanced productivity and resource reallocation to more dynamic sectors, which depends on reforms to improve the business environment.

Competition -- Macedonia (Republic). --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Macedonia (Republic) -- Economic conditions. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Competition --- Macedonia (Republic) --- Economic conditions. --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Economic aspects --- Macedonia (Federated Republic, 1945- ) --- Narodna Republika Makedonija --- NRM --- Maqedonia (Republic) --- N.R.M. --- Makedonija (Republic) --- S.R. Makedonija --- Socijalistička Republika Makedonija --- SR Makedonija --- Socialist Republic of Macedonia --- Maḳedonyah (Republic) --- Makedonii︠a︡ (Republic) --- Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia --- F.Y.R.O.M. --- FYROM --- Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of --- Republika Makedonija --- FYR Macedonia --- Republic of Macedonia --- Република Македонија --- Македонија (Republic) --- Masèdonia (Republic) --- Republiek van Masedonië --- Masedonië (Republic) --- Republik Mazedonie --- Republik Makedonie --- Ehemoligi Jugoslawischi Republik Mazedonie --- Mazedonie (Republic) --- Makedonie (Republic) --- Cynewīse Macedonia --- جمهورية مقدونيا --- Jumhūrīyat Maqdūniyā --- Republica de Macedonia --- Republica Machedonia --- Machedonia (Republic) --- Republica ali Machedonia --- Republica Ex-Iugoslavã ali Machedonia --- Rèpublica de Macèdonie --- Antigua República Yugoslava de Macedonia --- Ex República Yugoslava de Macedonia --- Masendoña (Republic) --- F.Y.R.O. Masendoña --- Makedoniya (Republic) --- Makedoniya Respublikası --- Keçmiş Yuqoslaviya Makedoniya Respublikası --- Makedonija Kiōng-hô-kok --- Рэспубліка Македонія --- Rėspublika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Македонія (Republic) --- Republika kan Masedonya --- Masedonya (Republic) --- Mazedonien (Republic) --- Makedonien (Republic) --- Republik Mazedonien --- Republik Makedonia --- Makedonia (Republic) --- Republik Yougoslaviat Kent Makedonia --- Република Македония --- Republika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Бивша югославска република Македония --- Bivsha i︠u︡goslavska republika Makedonii︠a︡ --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- North Macedonia --- Republic of North Macedonia --- Republika Severna Makedonija --- Severna Makedonija --- Република Северна Македонија --- Северна Македонија --- Maqedonia e Veriut --- Republika e Maqedonisë së Veriut --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Trade: General --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Real exchange rates --- Real effective exchange rates --- Current account --- Exchange rates --- Exports --- Balance of payments --- North Macedonia, Republic of