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Food and agricultural standards have recently risen to the top of both national and international agendas. Popular concerns about the power of the World Trade Organization focus on the intertwined relationships between environmental protection, labor and human rights, and the standards used to produce and supply our food and fiber globally. In the developing world, agricultural grades and standards are an important part of the reconfiguration of roles and responsibilities between various public and private actors in market reform. This original and informative collection of studies of agri-food standards in the modern economy addresses these and helps to define the scope of the emerging study of the politics of standards setting. Following an overview essay dealing with the multiple ways of thinking about, approaching and defining food and agricultural standards, eleven case studies offer a rich body of evidence that assesses the processes, dynamics and potential consequences of global agri-food standards. For all interested in the strategic use of food and agricultural standards - from those in national and international governmental agencies, researchers and others in the academic and private sector to those in the private business sector - this volume offers a broader perspective on and will serve as an important resource.
Multidisciplinary collective works --- Social sciences (general) --- Sociology --- Politics --- Agronomy --- interdisciplinair onderzoek --- politieke wetenschappen --- sociologie --- sociale wetenschappen
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This book presents an analysis of the evolution of competitive strategies within the forestry industry. Although the discussion takes place in a relatively narrow field of business on the global scale, the argument is that the chosen context serves as an illustrative setting for a discussion related to global corporate evolution of firms since the industry studied has only recently entered a stage of development characterized by intensified global competition. Moreover, the global forestry industry provides also an ideal setting for the analysis of the changing dynamics of competition within an industry. We propose that the development within the studied industry serves as a symptomatic illustration of the ongoing development processes in other industries: from a competitive setting characterized by a number of small competitors to one dominated by few large equally strong competitors aiming for a global presence. The implications of the study are not restricted to the forestry industry context alone. They extend to other manufacturing industries displaying similar features to the industry studied: maturity, commodity nature, fragmented industry structure, lack of industry leader, and ongoing concentration process. Thus, our contention is that this book contributes to better understanding of the workings of a number of manufacturing industries through discussion of the evolutionary development within the pulp and paper industry.
Multidisciplinary collective works --- Economics --- Biology --- Forestry --- Business policy --- History --- interdisciplinair onderzoek --- biologie --- economie --- geschiedenis --- industrie --- bossen
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The demographic transition is the change in the human condition from high mortality and high fertility to low mortality and low fertility. Death is now less capricious and most people live long lives. Women no longer average six or seven births but in most economically advanced countries less than two insufficient to replenish national populations. Most of this dramatic social change has occurred over the last 150 years. But the question remains as to whether this is a completely new phenomenon or whether there has long been an inherent tendency in the human race to maximize survival and to control family size. This study addresses these issues. Part I addresses the situation among hunters and gatherers, traditional farmers and classical civilizations. Part II examines the modern transition, while an introductory chapter synthesizes the findings. An emphasis is placed upon the transmuting of the industrial revolution and rising incomes into longer lives and smaller families. Finally, explanations are sought for below-replacement fertility in Europe and elsewhere. The book has a strong theoretical focus and is unique in addressing both mortality and fertility over the full span of human history. It brings demographers to anthropology, anthropologists to demography, and both to social history.
Multidisciplinary collective works --- Demography --- Sexology --- History --- seksueel gedrag --- interdisciplinair onderzoek --- demografie --- geschiedenis
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Multidisciplinary collective works --- Social sciences (general) --- Social psychology --- Sociology --- interdisciplinair onderzoek --- sociologie --- sociale wetenschappen --- gender --- persoonlijkheidsleer
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Multidisciplinary collective works --- Social sciences (general) --- Sociology --- Politics --- Agronomy --- interdisciplinair onderzoek --- politieke wetenschappen --- sociologie --- sociale wetenschappen
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Multidisciplinary collective works --- Economics --- Biology --- Forestry --- Business policy --- History --- interdisciplinair onderzoek --- biologie --- economie --- geschiedenis --- industrie --- bossen
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Multidisciplinary collective works --- Demography --- Sexology --- History --- seksueel gedrag --- interdisciplinair onderzoek --- demografie --- geschiedenis
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This book is on evidence for character judgments, answering questions about how such judgments are and should be supported or refuted by verifiable evidence. For example, if I claim that some particular person has integrity, or does not, what kind of justification should properly be used to support or refute the claim? This book answers the question using a model of abductive reasoning, commonly called inference to the best explanation. The methodology of the book derives from recent work on models of reasoning in argumentation theory and artificial intelligence. The aim is not just to show how character judgments are made, but to show how they should be properly be made based on sound reasoning, in order to avoid errors and superficial judgments of a kind that are common. Character evidence in law is on a razor's edge. It is generally inadmissible, for it might tend to prejudice a jury, but it is a kind of evidence often needed in trials, for example, to cross-examine a witness. This book shows that we are not as good at judging character as we think, and often make serious mistakes. But it is shown how character judgments can, in some instances, be based on good reasoning supported by factual evidence in a case.
Multidisciplinary collective works --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- interdisciplinair onderzoek --- strafrecht --- filosofie --- recht --- rechtstheorie
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Multidisciplinary collective works --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- interdisciplinair onderzoek --- strafrecht --- filosofie --- recht --- rechtstheorie
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Distributed networks such as the Internet have altered the fundamental way a record is created, captured, accessed and managed over time. Law and ethics provide the major sources of regulatory controls over participants in such networks. This book analyses the interrelationship of recordkeeping, ethics and law in terms of existing regulatory models and their application to the Internet environment. It proposes an Internet model based on the notion of a legal and social relationship as a means of identifying the legal and ethical rights and obligations of recordkeeping participants in networked transactions. Medical, business and governmental relationships within communities of common interest based on trust illustrate the practical application of the model. As legal relationships have their basis in the law of obligations found in common and civil law systems, as well as archival science, the model has a broad-based application. The relationship model also provides a unique ethical and legal approach to property, access, privacy and evidence. Most importantly, the book provides an interdisciplinary approach to Internet regulation, which contributes to closer ties between those who research, teach and work in fields of ethics, law and archival science.
Multidisciplinary collective works --- General ethics --- Law --- Distribution strategy --- Information systems --- Computer. Automation --- ICT (informatie- en communicatietechnieken) --- interdisciplinair onderzoek --- ethiek --- recht --- informatiesystemen --- e-commerce --- computercriminaliteit
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