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JOSEPH (SAINT) --- DIEU --- PATERNITE --- HAGIOGRAPHIE MEDIEVALE --- ICONOGRAPHIE --- HISTOIRE --- MOYEN AGE
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Parenthood --- Fatherhood --- Functionalism (Social sciences) --- Condition de parents --- Paternité --- Fonctionnalisme (Sciences sociales)
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Aussi curieux que cela paraisse, on prie peu Joseph au Moyen Âge. Ce vieillard au rôle guère reluisant, ni précurseur, ni apôtre, ni martyr, sollicite peu les fidèles et embarrasse les théologiens : que faire de son épineux statut d'époux de la Vierge ? Quelle paternité attribuer à celui qui a élevé le fils de Dieu ? À partir du XIVe siècle, Joseph sort de l'ombre : les franciscains débattent pour savoir s'il est le dernier des patriarches ou le premier des saints, et ils érigent l'humble charpentier en modèle pour tous les chrétiens. Au siècle suivant, alors que le Grand Schisme divise la chrétienté tout entière, que la France est déchirée par les rivalités entre Armagnacs et Bourguignons, c'est une véritable campagne de promotion en faveur de Joseph qui est lancée : à sa tête, Gerson, l'un des plus célèbres théologiens de l'époque, se dépense sans compter pour célébrer les noces de Joseph et de Marie, louer la paternité responsable de celui qu'il qualifie de «saint» et l'égaler, enfin, à Jean-Baptiste. À la fin du XVe siècle, l'Église institue une fête en l'honneur de Joseph ; une authentique dévotion populaire naît alors, qui connaîtra son apogée au XIXe siècle. Ce que ce livre relate, s'appuyant sur des textes et des images fort variés, c'est l'histoire d'une ascension liturgique et symbolique unique, celle de la figure la plus touchante, la plus humaine peut-être, du christianisme : un père qui accompagne avec tendresse les gestes d'une mère et de son enfant.
Christology --- Joseph of Nazareth --- Christian saints --- Fatherhood --- Saints chrétiens --- Paternité --- Cult --- Religious aspects --- Christianity --- Culte --- Aspect religieux --- Christianisme --- Joseph, --- -#GGSB: Heiligen --- #GGSB: Volksreligie (volksreligiositeit / devotie) --- #GGSB: Kerkgeschiedenis (middeleeuwen) --- Parenthood --- History --- Saints chrétiens --- Paternité --- -Heiligen --- Volksreligie (volksreligiositeit / devotie) --- Kerkgeschiedenis (middeleeuwen) --- Ioseph sponsus B.M.V. --- -History
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There was, in the nineteenth century, a distinction made between "writers" and "authors," Susan S. Williams notes, the former defined as those who composed primarily from mere experience or observation rather than from the unique genius or imagination of the latter. If women were more often cast as writers than authors by the literary establishment, there also emerged in magazines, advice books, fictional accounts, and letters a specific model of female authorship, one that valorized "natural" feminine traits such as observation and emphasis on detail, while also representing the distance between amateur writing and professional authorship. Attending to biographical and cultural contexts and offering fresh readings of literary works, Reclaiming Authorship focuses on the complex ways writers such as Maria S. Cummins, Louisa May Alcott, Elizabeth Keckley, Mary Abigail Dodge, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, and Constance Fenimore Woolson put this model of female authorship into practice. Williams shows how it sometimes intersected with prevailing notions of male authorship and sometimes diverged from them, and how it is often precisely those moments of divergence when authorship was reclaimed by women. The current trend to examine "women writers" rather than "authors" marks a full rotation of the circle, and "writers" can indeed be the more capacious term, embracing producers of everything from letters and diaries to published books. Yet certain nineteenth-century women made particular efforts to claim the title "author," Williams demonstrates, and we miss something of significance by ignoring their efforts.
Authoring (Authorship) --- Authorship --- Oeuvres -- Attribution --- Paternité artistique --- Paternité littéraire --- Qualité d'auteur --- Schrijverskwaliteit en auteurschap --- Writing (Authorship) --- American literature --- Women and literature --- Literature --- English literature --- Agrarians (Group of writers) --- Women authors&delete& --- History and criticism --- History --- Women authors --- 19th century --- United States --- Cummins, Maria Susanna --- Alcott, Louisa May --- Criticism and interpretation --- Hawthorne, Nathaniel --- Keckley, Elizabeth --- Woolson, Constance Fenimore --- James, Henry --- Authorship. --- History and criticism. --- Cultural Studies. --- Literature.
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