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Using an "event-study" methodology, this paper analyzes the aftermath of civil war in a cross-section of countries. It focuses on those experiences where the end of conflict marks the beginning of a relatively lasting peace. The paper considers 41 countries involved in internal wars in the period 1960-2003. In order to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the aftermath of war, the paper considers a host of social areas represented by basic indicators of economic performance, health and education, political development, demographic trends, and conflict and security issues. For each of these indicators, the paper first compares the post- and pre-war situations and then examines their dynamic trends during the post-conflict period. The paper concludes that, even though war has devastating effects and its aftermath can be immensely difficult, when the end of war marks the beginning of lasting peace, recovery and improvement are indeed achieved.

Civil Conflict --- Civil War --- Conflict and Development --- Demographic Trends --- Disability --- Diseases --- Economic Growth --- Health Consequences --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Life Expectancy --- Malaria --- Peace --- Peace and Peacekeeping --- Policy --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Political Instability --- Population --- Population Policies --- Populations --- Post Conflict Reconstruction --- Progress --- Refugees --- Wars --- World Health Organization

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Studies of the impact of trade openness on growth are based either on cross-country analysis-which lacks transparency-or case studies-which lack statistical rigor. We apply transparent econometric methods drawn from the treatment evaluation literature to make the comparison between treated (i.e., open) and control (i.e., closed) countries explicit while remaining within a unified statistical framework. First, matching estimators highlight the rather far-fetched country comparisons underlying common cross-country results. When appropriately restricting the sample, we confirm a positive and significant effect of openness on growth. Second, we apply synthetic control methods-which account for endogeneity due to unobservable heterogeneity-to countries that liberalized their trade regime and we show that trade liberalization has often had a positive effect on growth.

Exports and Imports --- Public Finance --- Economic Theory --- Demography --- Single Equation Models --- Single Variables: Cross-Sectional Models --- Spatial Models --- Treatment Effect Models --- 'Panel Data Models --- Spatio-temporal Models' --- Economic Growth of Open Economies --- Comparative Studies of Countries --- Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts --- Education: General --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Population & migration geography --- Education --- International economics --- Economic theory & philosophy --- Public finance & taxation --- Population growth --- Trade liberalization --- Cross country analysis --- Public expenditure review --- Population and demographics --- International trade --- Expenditure --- Population --- Commercial policy --- Economics --- Expenditures, Public --- Bolivia