Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Informality: Exit and Exclusion analyzes informality in Latin America, exploring root causes and reasons for and implications of its growth. The authors use two distinct but complementary lenses: informality driven by ""exclusion"" from state benefits or the circuits of the modern economy, and driven by voluntary ""exit"" decisions resulting from private cost-benefit calculations that lead workers and firms to opt out of formal institutions. They find both lenses have considerable explanatory power to understand the causes and consequences of informality in the region. Informality: Exit and Ex

Informal sector (Economics) --- Secteur informel (Economie politique) --- Informal sector (Economics). --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Industrial Management --- Small business. --- Businesses, Small --- Medium-sized business --- Micro-businesses --- Microbusinesses --- Microenterprises --- Small and medium-sized business --- Small and medium-sized enterprises --- Small businesses --- SMEs (Small business) --- Hidden economy --- Parallel economy --- Second economy --- Shadow economy --- Subterranean economy --- Underground economy --- Business --- Business enterprises --- Industries --- Artisans --- Economics --- Small business --- Size

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This independent evaluation of the IMF’s role and performance in the determination and use of aid to low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa is presented at a ground-level view. Country performance has improved in many sub-Saharan Africa countries over the period, and the report details the role of the IMF’s programs, as well as perceptions of that role. The report is an important contribution to following through on the IMF’s commitment to its Poverty Reduction Strategy and makes three main recommendations for improving the coherence—actual and perceived—of the IMF’s policies and actions relating to aid to sub-Saharan Africa going forward.

Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Civics and Citizenship --- Social Services and Welfare --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Formal and Informal Sectors --- Shadow Economy --- Institutional Arrangements --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Social welfare & social services --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Civil service & public sector --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Expenditure --- Poverty reduction --- Civil society --- Government debt management --- Poverty --- Expenditures, Public --- Debts, Public --- Balance of payments --- Ghana

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This independent evaluation of the IMF’s role and performance in the determination and use of aid to low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa is presented at a ground-level view. Country performance has improved in many sub-Saharan Africa countries over the period, and the report details the role of the IMF’s programs, as well as perceptions of that role. The report is an important contribution to following through on the IMF’s commitment to its Poverty Reduction Strategy and makes three main recommendations for improving the coherence—actual and perceived—of the IMF’s policies and actions relating to aid to sub-Saharan Africa going forward.

Economic assistance --- Poverty --- Evaluation. --- International Monetary Fund --- Economic aid --- Foreign aid program --- Foreign assistance --- Grants-in-aid, International --- International economic assistance --- International grants-in-aid --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Civics and Citizenship --- Social Services and Welfare --- Inflation --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Formal and Informal Sectors --- Shadow Economy --- Institutional Arrangements --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Social welfare & social services --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Civil service & public sector --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Expenditure --- Poverty reduction --- Civil society --- Government debt management --- Economic sectors --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Absorptive capacity --- Balance of payments --- Poverty reduction and development --- Expenditures, Public --- Debts, Public --- Capital movements --- Prices --- Ghana

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC)—Data Module provides an assessment of Botswana’s macroeconomic statistics against the recommendations of the General Data Dissemination System, complemented by an assessment of data quality based on the IMF’s Data Quality Assessment Framework, July 2003. It reveals that there has been a strengthening of the relevance of the data, the transparency of statistical policies and practices, and the accessibility of data and metadata. Staff of statistical agencies also exhibits a high level of professionalism and ethical standards.

Fiscal policy --- Disclosure of information --- Statistics --- Financial statements --- Balance sheets --- Corporate financial statements --- Earnings statements --- Financial reports --- Income statements --- Operating statements --- Profit and loss statements --- Statements, Financial --- Accounting --- Bookkeeping --- Business records --- Corporation reports --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Information, Disclosure of --- Truthfulness and falsehood --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Standards --- Government policy --- Botswana --- Batsvana --- Bociwana --- Bocvana --- Bocvano --- Botsouana --- Botsuana --- Botsuwana --- Botsvana --- Botsvana Cumhuriyeti --- Botsvana Respublikası --- Botsvanas Republika --- Botsvanos Respublika --- Botswana Vabariik --- Botswanako Errepublika --- Botswanan tasavalta --- Botswanská republika --- Cộng hoà Botswana --- Dēmokratia tēs Botsouanas --- GOB --- Gweriniaeth Botswana --- Jamhuri ya Botswana --- Lefatshe la Botswana --- Lýðveldið Botsvana --- Repaboliki ya Botswana --- Repubblica del Botswana --- Republic of Botswana --- Republica de Botsuana --- República do Botsuana --- República do Botswana --- Republiek Botswana --- Republiek van Botswana --- Republik Botsuana --- Republik Botswana --- Republika Bocvana --- Republika Botswany --- Republika ng Botswana --- Republiken Botswana --- Republikken Botswana --- République du Botswana --- Rėspublika Batsvana --- Respublika Botsvana --- Respubliko Bocvano --- Μποτσουάνα --- Δημοκρατία της Μποτσουάνας --- Рэспубліка Батсвана --- Республика Ботсвана --- Республіка Ботсвана --- Република Боцвана --- Батсвана --- Ботсвана --- Боцвана --- ボツワナ --- 博茨瓦纳 --- Bechuanaland Protectorate --- Economic conditions --- Macroeconomics --- Civics and Citizenship --- Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology --- Computer Programs: Other --- Formal and Informal Sectors --- Shadow Economy --- Institutional Arrangements --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Civil service & public sector --- Government finance statistics --- Civil society organizations --- Balance of payments statistics --- National accounts --- Monetary statistics --- Economic and financial statistics --- Economic sectors --- Finance --- Civil society --- Balance of payments --- National income --- Economic indicators