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Sunshine plays an important role in all aspects of life but there has been little social analysis of the sun and its place in our world. Recently experts have warned us that the sun's rays are dangerous. Yet, the sun-tan can still be taken as a sign of health. How did we arrive at this ambivalent relationship to the sun and what does this say about our changing attitudes to the human body and environment? 'Rise and Shine' takes as its starting point a view of sunlight as part of our material and social culture. How did the use of sunlight to treat TB and rickets in the early twentieth century alter our relationship to the sun? When was sun-tan lotion invented? By drawing on a range of archive and historical sources, 'Rise and Shine' traces the network of social and medical forces that constitute our current, sometimes problematic, relationship with sun and sunlight.

Body, Human --- Heliotherapy --- Human body --- Phototherapy --- Solar radiation --- Sun-baths --- Sunlight --- Sunlight. --- Sunshine --- Sunshine --- Suntan --- Social aspects. --- history. --- Social aspects. --- History. --- Physiological effect. --- History. --- adverse effects. --- Health aspects. --- Therapeutic use --- History. --- History.

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Taxation. --- Taxation --- Transparency in government. --- Government information. --- International cooperation. --- Information, Government --- Government in the sunshine --- Openness in government --- Sunshine, Government in the --- Transparence in government --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Freedom of information --- Public records --- Open government (Transparency in government) --- Public administration --- Finance, Public --- Revenue

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The consequences of governmental reform are not always intended. In this book, Suzanne J. Piotrowski examines how federal management reforms associated with the National Performance Review have affected, and are still affecting, implementation of the Freedom of Information Act. The intersection of the New Public Management movement and the implementation of the U.S. federal government's transparency policy is, she argues, a clear example of unforeseen outcomes. Particular attention is paid to performance management, customer service, and contracting out initiatives, as well as to unintended consequences and their future implications for public administration scholars, practitioners, and reformers.

Transparency in government --- Public records --- Freedom of information --- Administrative agencies --- Government information --- Government in the sunshine --- Open government (Transparency in government) --- Openness in government --- Sunshine, Government in the --- Transparence in government --- Public administration --- Government records --- Records --- Archives --- Management. --- Access control --- National Performance Review (U.S.) --- United States. --- National Partnership for Reinventing Government (U.S.) --- NPR --- United States --- Politics and government --- #SBIB:35H511 --- Management --- Kwaliteit van het openbaar bestuur

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Governments in recent decades have employed public disclosure strategies to reduce risks, improve public and private goods and services, and reduce injustice. In the United States, these targeted transparency policies include financial securities disclosures, nutritional labels, school report cards, automobile rollover rankings, and sexual offender registries. They constitute a light-handed approach to governance that empowers citizens. However, as Full Disclosure shows these policies are frequently ineffective or counterproductive. Based on a comparative analysis of eighteen major policies, the authors suggest that transparency policies often produce information that is incomplete, incomprehensible, or irrelevant to the consumers, investors, workers, and community residents who could benefit from them. Sometimes transparency fails because those who are threatened by it form political coalitions to limit or distort information. To be successful, transparency policies must place the needs of ordinary citizens at centre stage and produce information that informs their everyday choices.

Government information --- -Transparency in government --- -Disclosure of information --- -#SBIB:35H510 --- #SBIB:35H24 --- 352.38 --- Information, Disclosure of --- Truthfulness and falsehood --- Government in the sunshine --- Openness in government --- Sunshine, Government in the --- Transparence in government --- Public administration --- Information, Government --- Freedom of information --- Public records --- Access control --- Government policy --- -Law and legislation --- Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst, ... --- Informatiemanagement bij de overheid --- Transparency in government --- Disclosure of information --- Transparence (Sciences sociales) --- Divulgation d'informations --- Divulgation d'information --- -Information, Disclosure of --- -Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst, ... --- #SBIB:35H510 --- Disclosure laws --- Open government (Transparency in government) --- Law and legislation --- Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst, .. --- Information sur l'Etat --- Law and legislation. --- Politique gouvernementale --- Droit --- Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst, . --- Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst, --- Social Sciences --- Political Science

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The Guide on Resource Revenue Transparency applies the principles of the revised IMF Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency (‘the Code’) to the unique set of transparency problems faced by countries that derive a significant share of their revenues from natural resources and need to address complex and volatile transaction flows. The Guide identifies and explains generally recognized good or best practices for transparency of resource revenue management. It supplements the IMF Manual on Fiscal Transparency. The Guide has been revised to reflect the new Code and to provide more recent examples of good practice by individual countries. It is designed to give a framework for assessing resource-specific issues within broader fiscal transparency assessments (including so-called ‘fiscal ROSCs’). The Guide has been used by the governments and legislatures of resource-rich countries, civil societies, providers of technical support, and interested academics and observers.

Revenue management --- Transparency in government --- Disclosure of information --- Petroleum products --- Gas industry --- Mines and mineral resources --- Deposits, Mineral --- Mineral deposits --- Mineral resources --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- Natural resources --- Geology, Economic --- Minerals --- Natural gas industry --- Energy industries --- Mazut --- Petroleum --- Hydraulic fluids --- Information, Disclosure of --- Truthfulness and falsehood --- Government in the sunshine --- Open government (Transparency in government) --- Openness in government --- Sunshine, Government in the --- Transparence in government --- Public administration --- Yield management --- Management --- Government policy --- Economic aspects --- Refining --- E-books --- Business & Economics --- Management Styles & Communication --- Transparency in government. --- Rentabilité --- Transparence (Sciences sociales) --- Divulgation d'informations --- Produits pétroliers --- Gaz --- Mines et ressources minières --- Gestion --- Industrie --- Budgeting --- Investments: Energy --- Investments: Metals --- Public Finance --- Natural Resources --- Fiscal Policy --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General --- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Macroeconomics --- Budgeting & financial management --- Environmental management --- Investment & securities --- Fiscal policy --- Budget planning and preparation --- Expenditure --- Oil --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Environment --- Commodities --- Budget --- Expenditures, Public --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Botswana