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National movements --- Flanders --- Eifel --- Pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Germany --- Bad Munstereifel (Allemagne) --- 20th century --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Collaborationists --- Belgium --- Biography --- Cemeteries

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"Sauf un nombre infime de malheureux qui ont consciemment préféré le triomphe de l'ennemi à la victoire de la France, la masse immense des Français n'a jamais voulu autre chose que le bien de la patrie". Par ces mots prononcés à la radio le 31 décembre 1944, le général de Gaulle entretenait la fiction d'une France unanimement résistante et signifiait par-là qu'il souhaitait une épuration limitée dans le temps et s'attaquant à un nombre raisonnable de personnes. C'était oublier les profondes divisions des Français et les haines accumulées dans un pays durement occupé pendant quatre ans. Haines qui explosent à la Libération, où une épuration sauvage voit la multiplication d'exécutions sommaires de miliciens et de collaborateurs (ou supposés tels), tandis que les "tondues", celles que les foules accusent de "collaboration horizontale", sont exhibées dans les rues. Il faudra que les organes de l'Epuration - cours de justice dans chaque cour d'appel, Haute Cour de justice, chambres civiques - s'installent pour donner un cours légal à un phénomène qui prend une ampleur inattendue. Grâce à des archives inédites, l'auteur établit que l'Epuration a concerné un demi-million de Français, un million et demi en incluant les entourages familiaux, soit un Français sur trente, toutes générations confondues. Décrivant les pratiques épuratoires, établissant la typologie des milieux épurés, décryptant les enjeux opposant les acteurs politiques, il montre que l'Epuration est un phénomène social massif ayant bouleversé la France jusqu'en 1958.

World War, 1939-1945 --- 2ème guerre mondiale --- Collaborationists --- Underground movements --- Collaborateurs --- Mouvements de résistance --- France --- History --- Histoire --- Political purges --- War crime trials --- Politics and government --- 2ème guerre mondiale --- Mouvements de résistance --- Guerre mondiale (1939-1945) --- Épuration (1944-....)

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World War, 1939-1945 --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Anti-racism --- Antisemitism --- 2ème guerre mondiale --- 2ème guerre mondiale --- Antiracisme --- Antisémitisme --- Collaborationists --- Underground movements --- History --- History --- Collaborateurs --- Mouvements de résistance --- Histoire --- Histoire --- France --- France --- History --- Histoire

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History of Belgium and Luxembourg --- anno 1940-1949 --- Zonhoven --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Underground movements --- Collaborationists --- Belgium --- History --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Anti-Nazi movement

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From 1940 to 1942, French secret agents arrested more than two thousand spies working for the Germans and executed several dozen of them-all despite the Vichy government's declared collaboration with the Third Reich. A previously untold chapter in the history of World War II, this duplicitous activity is the gripping subject of The Hunt for Nazi Spies, a tautly narrated chronicle of the Vichy regime's attempts to maintain sovereignty while supporting its Nazi occupiers. Simon Kitson informs this remarkable story with findings from his investigation-the first by any historian-of thousands of Vichy documents seized in turn by the Nazis and the Soviets and returned to France only in the 1990's. His pioneering detective work uncovers a puzzling paradox: a French government that was hunting down left-wing activists and supporters of Charles de Gaulle's Free French forces was also working to undermine the influence of German spies who were pursuing the same Gaullists and resisters. In light of this apparent contradiction, Kitson does not deny that Vichy France was committed to assisting the Nazi cause, but illuminates the complex agendas that characterized the collaboration and shows how it was possible to be both anti-German and anti-Gaullist. Combining nuanced conclusions with dramatic accounts of the lives of spies on both sides, The Hunt for Nazi Spies adds an important new dimension to our understanding of the French predicament under German occupation and the shadowy world of World War II espionage.

World War, 1939-1945 --- Espionage, German --- Spies --- Agents, Secret --- Intelligencers (Spies) --- Operatives (Spies) --- Secret agents --- Spooks (Spies) --- Spying --- Subversive activities --- Espionage --- Secret service --- German espionage --- Collaborationists --- History --- France --- espionage, national, socialist, party, holocaust, nazis, france, french, vichy, 1940s, 20th century, contemporary, modern, wwii, wartime, world war, occupation, regime, sovereignty, soviet, government, activist, activism, paradox, gaul, resister, resistance, germany, europe, european, collaborationist, counterespionage, detective, investigation.