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Horizontal gene transfer is a major driving force in the evolution of many bacterial pathogens. The development of high-throughput sequencing tools and more sophisticated genomic and proteomic techniques in recent years has resulted in a better understanding of this phenomenon. Written by leading experts in the field, this edited volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers and provides an overview of current knowledge relating to the evolution of microbial pathogenicity. This volume provides an overview of the mechanisms and biological consequences of the genome rearrangements resulting from horizontal gene transfer, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as well as overviews of the key mobile genetic elements involved. Subsequent chapters focus on paradigms for the evolution of important bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella enterica, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The influence of socioeconomic parameters in the dissemination of transferable elements, such as antibiotic resistant genes in bacteria, is also discussed.

Genetic transformation. --- Bacterial diseases --- Molecular evolution. --- Biochemical evolution --- Chemical evolution --- Evolution --- Life --- Molecular biology --- Bacterial infections --- Communicable diseases --- Medical bacteriology --- Pathogenic bacteria --- Gene transfer --- Transformation (Genetics) --- Genetic recombination --- Microbial genetics --- Nucleic acids --- Transfection --- Pathogenesis. --- Origin

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Scholars discuss the genetic modification of embryonic cells from the viewpoints of traditional Jewish and Christian teaching, considering both the possible therapeutic benefits of this technology and moral concerns about its implementation.

Medical genetics --- Genetic engineering --- Religious aspects --- Judaism. --- Christianity. --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Genetic aspects --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Transgenic organisms --- Human genetics --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Genetic disorders --- PHILOSOPHY/Ethics & Bioethics --- Bioethics. --- Genetic Engineering --- Germ Cells. --- Religion and Medicine. --- ethics.

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Parasitic, bacterial and viral agents continue to challenge the welfare of humans, livestock, wild life and plants worldwide. The public health impact and financial consequences of these diseases are particularly hard on the already overburdened economies of developing countries especially in the tropics. Many of these disease agents utilize insect hosts (vectors) to achieve their transmission to mammals. In the past, these diseases were largely controlled by insecticide-based vector reduction strategies. Now, many of these diseases have reemerged in the tropics, recolonizing their previous range, and expanding into new territories previously not considered to be endemic. Habitat change, irrigation practices, atmospheric and climate change, insecticide and drug resistance as well as increases in global tourism, human traffic and commercial activities, have driven the reemergence and spread of vector borne diseases. While these diseases can be controlled through interventions aimed at both their vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, no effective vaccines exist, and only limited therapeutic prospects are available for their control in mammalian hosts. Molecular technologies such as transgenesis, which is the subject of this book, stand to increase the toolbox and benefit disease management strategies.

Insect pests --- Insects as carriers of disease. --- Transgenic animals. --- Vector control --- Biological control. --- Biological control of vectors --- Animals --- Transgenic organisms --- Animal genetic engineering --- Medical entomology --- Arthropod vectors --- Biological control of insects --- Insects --- Biological control --- Control --- Genetic engineering. --- Medicine. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Biomedicine general. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce

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GENETIC DEMOCRACY involves an in-depth analysis of the ethical, social and philosophical issues related to modern genetic research and gene technology. The aim of the book is to introduce systematic research on the social and ethical impacts of the use and development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as well as the acquisition, use and storage of human genetic information (HGI). The book contributes into enhancing public discussion and reaching fair and democratic decision-making practices in GMO and HGI use and development both on local and global level. There are currently few European texts which address the issues involved in a theoretical and systematical manner. GENETIC DEMOCRACY have been written from the viewpoint of social and political philosophy rather than that of traditional bioethics. There is a clear need for a throughout and authoritative philosophical and ethical analysis of the issues involved in genetic research and gene technology. The book will appeal to philosophers, social scientists, genetics professionals, policy makers, academics, industrial organisations and human rights organisations as well as university students and legal scholars. The book will have a broad appeal across Europe, Asia and America since many states are currently considering policy responses to many of the practices discussed in the books (e.g., human biobanks).

Genetics --- Genetic engineering --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Political aspects. --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Transgenic organisms --- Medical ethics. --- Ethics. --- Political science --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy (General). --- Biotechnology. --- Theory of Medicine/Bioethics. --- Political Philosophy. --- Philosophy of Technology. --- Philosophy, general. --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Ethics, Medical --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Medicine --- Bioethics --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Chemical engineering --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Political philosophy --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Political philosophy.

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Containing a broad range of essays by scholars interested in the interactions between law and bioethics, this title includes studies examining the regulation of stem cell research, human rights and bioethics, the regulation of reproductive technologies, and distributive justice in healthcare and pandemic planning.

Medical laws and legislation --- Medical care --- Genetic engineering --- Bioethics --- Ethics --- Medicine --- Investigative Techniques --- Biomedical Research --- Social Control, Formal --- Sociology --- Humanities --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Research --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Health Occupations --- Science --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Health Care --- Social Sciences --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Reproductive Medicine --- Stem Cell Research --- Bioethical Issues --- Human Rights --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law, General & Comparative --- Law and legislation --- Collective Human Rights --- Equal Rights --- Linguistic Rights --- Right to Housing and Shelter --- Rights of Indigenous Peoples --- Human Rights, Collective --- Indigenous Peoples Rights --- Rights, Collective Human --- Rights, Equal --- Rights, Linguistic --- Social Justice --- Human Rights Abuses --- Bioethical Issue --- Issue, Bioethical --- Issues, Bioethical --- Euthanasia --- Human Experimentation --- Patient Rights --- Animal Experimentation --- Adult Stem Cell Research --- Embryonic Stem Cell Research --- Research, Stem Cell --- Researchs, Stem Cell --- Stem Cell Researchs --- Stem Cells --- Embryo Research --- Medicine, Reproductive --- Gynecology --- Reproductive Health --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Sciences --- Health Professions --- Health Occupation --- Health Profession --- Profession, Health --- Professions, Health --- Occupations --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Ethics, Research --- General Social Development and Population --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Public Policy --- Experimental Medicine --- Investigational Medicine --- Investigative Medicine --- Research, Biomedical --- Research, Medical --- Medical Research --- Medicine, Experimental --- Medicine, Investigational --- Medicine, Investigative --- Animals, Laboratory --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Medical Specialities --- Medical Specialties --- Medical Specialty --- Specialities, Medical --- Specialties, Medical --- Specialty, Medical --- Medical Speciality --- Speciality, Medical --- Health Workforce --- Egoism --- Ethical Issues --- Metaethics --- Moral Policy --- Natural Law --- Situational Ethics --- Ethical Issue --- Ethics, Situational --- Issue, Ethical --- Issues, Ethical --- Law, Natural --- Laws, Natural --- Moral Policies --- Natural Laws --- Policies, Moral --- Policy, Moral --- Censorship, Research --- Biology --- Biomedical ethics --- Life sciences --- Life sciences ethics --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Transgenic organisms --- Law, Medical --- Medical personnel --- Medical registration and examination --- Physicians --- Surgeons --- Medical policy --- Medical jurisprudence --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Vocations --- Occupation --- Vocation --- Occupational Groups