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In 1890, more than 100,000 Welsh-born immigrants resided in the United States. A majority of them were skilled laborers from the coal mines of Wales who had been recruited by American mining companies. Readily accepted by American society, Welsh immigrants experienced a unique process of acculturation. In the first history of this exceptional community, Ronald Lewis explores how Welsh immigrants made a significant contribution to the development of the American coal industry and how their rapid and successful assimilation affected Welsh American culture.Lewis describes how Welsh immigr

Coal mines and mining --- Coal miners --- Immigrants --- Welsh Americans --- Coal mining --- Collieries --- Energy industries --- Mines and mineral resources --- Colliers (Coal miners) --- Miners --- Ethnology --- Welsh --- Social aspects --- History. --- Social conditions. --- Ethnic identity. --- Cultural assimilation. --- West Virginia --- Pennsylvania --- Middle West --- American Midwest --- Central States --- Central States Region --- Midwest --- Midwest States --- Midwestern States --- North Central Region --- North Central States --- Mississippi River Valley --- Northwest, Old --- Pensilvania --- Staat Pennsylvania --- Štatu Pennsylvanie --- Stanu Pennsylvania --- Stato di Pennsylvania --- Vysomene Valstijos Pennsylvania --- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania --- Ḳommonṿelṭ of Pensilṿeynia --- Pennsylvaani --- Pennsilfaani --- Keystone State --- Quaker State --- ペンシルベニア州 --- Penshirubenia-shū --- ペンシルベニア --- Penshirubenia --- ペンシルヴェイニア州 --- Penshiruveinia-shū --- ペンシルヴェイニア --- Penshiruveinia --- ペンシルヴァニア州 --- Penshiruvania-shū --- ペンシルヴァニア --- Penshiruvania --- פנסילבניה --- Pensilvanyah --- Province of Pennsilvania --- Pennsilvania --- Counties of New-Castle, Kent, and Sussex upon Delaware --- W. Va. --- WV --- West Va. --- W.V. (West Virginia) --- W. Virg. --- State of West Virginia --- Wes-Virginië --- Wescht Virginia --- Virchinia Occidental --- Estato de Virchinia Occidental --- Virginia du Ponant --- Virxinia Occidental --- Kuarahyresẽ Virginia --- Qärbi Virciniya --- Штат Заходняя Вірджынія --- Shtat Zakhodni︠a︡i︠a︡ Virdz︠h︡ynii︠a︡ --- Заходняя Вірджынія --- Zakhodni︠a︡i︠a︡ Virdz︠h︡ynii︠a︡ --- Западна Вирджиния --- Zapadna Virdzhinii︠a︡ --- Щат Западна Вирджиния --- Shtat Zapadna Virdzhinii︠a︡ --- Zapadna Virginia --- Virginia ar C'hornaoueg --- Virgínia de l'Oest --- Virgínia Occidental --- Анăç Вирджини --- Anăś Virdzhini --- Virginia --- Virginia (Reorganized government : 1861-1863) --- Ethnic relations.