Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This 2009 edition of the OECD Patent Statistics Manual takes stock of the recent developments in the field. It provides guiding principles for the use of patent data in the context of S&T measurement, and recommendations for the compilation and interpretation of patent indicators in this context. It aims to show what patent statistics can and cannot be used for, and how to count patents in order to maximise information on S&T activities while minimising statistical noise and biases. Finally, it describes how patent data can be used in the analysis of a wide array of topics related to technical change and patenting activity including industry-science linkages, patenting strategies by companies, internationalisation of research, and indicators on the value of patents.

Intellectual property. --- Patents (International law) --- Technological innovations. --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Patent laws and legislation (International law) --- Intellectual property --- IP (Intellectual property) --- Proprietary rights --- Rights, Proprietary --- Law and legislation --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- International law --- Intangible property

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This report analyses in detail the implications of recent developments in Chile's labour market and social policy and considers the available policy options from the perspective of OECD countries’ experience. The report finds that Chile has enjoyed rising living standards over two decades of strong economic growth. The incidence of poverty is now much lower and there is better access to adequate housing, education and healthcare. Nevertheless, Chile’s income distribution remains disturbingly unequal by OECD standards. This is partly due to Chile’s a relatively low employment rate, especially for women, but it also reflects a segmented labour market, where much of the recent job creation has occurred in relatively low-productive sectors. Moreover, despite the existence of an internationally renowned pension programme, Chile’s social protection system as a whole has still a relatively long way to go before reaching the standards of developed countries in terms of effective coverage and capacity to assist needy households.  Chilean policy makers have begun to develop and implement a series of ambitious reforms, intended to promote the twin goals of work and equity.

Labor market --- Manpower policy --- Marché du travail --- Emploi --- Politique gouvernementale --- Chile --- Chili --- Social policy --- Politique sociale --- Chile -- Social policy. --- Labor market -- Chile. --- Manpower policy -- Chile. --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Labor policy --- Pensions --- Marché du travail --- Employment policy --- Human resource development --- Labor market policy --- Manpower utilization --- Labor --- State and labor --- Government policy --- Labor supply --- Trade adjustment assistance --- Economic policy

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Western Balkan region benefits from a cost-competitive labour force and geographic and cultural proximity to EU markets. However, cost competitiveness as a source of differentiation is not sustainable. Cost levels are increasing gradually in some sectors, reducing firms’ profitability. In order to sustain competitiveness, the Western Balkans needs to move up the value chain, from investing in automated technology to producing higher-quality goods and enhancing its human capital. This report examines the apparel manufacturing, automotive components and business process and technology outsourcing sectors, focusing on market competitiveness factors, industry key success factors and policy recommendations.

Balkan Peninsula -- Economic conditions. --- Competition -- Balkan Peninsula. --- Competition --Balkan Peninsula -- Statistics. --- Industrial policy -- Balkan Peninsula. --- Investments -- Balkan Peninsula. --- Quality of products -- Balkan Peninsula. --- Regional economics. --- Competition --- Investments --- Industrial policy --- Technological innovations --- Quality of products --- Labor supply --- Regional economics --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Balkan Peninsula --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Labor force --- Labor force participation --- Labor pool --- Work force --- Workforce --- Product quality --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Business --- Industries --- Industry and state --- Investing --- Investment management --- Portfolio --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Government policy --- Economic aspects --- Balkan States --- Balkans --- Europe, Southeastern --- Southeastern Europe --- Economics --- Regional planning --- Regionalism --- Space in economics --- Labor market --- Human capital --- Labor mobility --- Manpower --- Manpower policy --- Consumer protection --- Quality control --- Workmanship --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Economic policy --- Finance --- Disinvestment --- Loans --- Saving and investment --- Speculation --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- Finance and Investment --- Industry and Services --- Compétitivité (Economie) --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

OECD's comprehensive review of rural policy in Italy.  On average, rural regions in Italy have some of the highest GDP per capita among the OECD countries, yet unexploited potential remains. This analysis of rural Italy reveals heterogeneous economic conditions, an increasing elderly population and a diminished focus on environmental concerns. This suggests the need for a broader rural policy approach that reflects the changing demands upon rural resources and that considers other aspects of rurality including health, education and quality of life. 

Italy --Rural conditions. --- Rural development --Government policy --Italy. --- Rural development --Italy. --- Rural development --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Social Conditions --- Government policy --- Italy --- Rural conditions. --- Community development, Rural --- Development, Rural --- Integrated rural development --- Regional development --- Rehabilitation, Rural --- Rural community development --- Rural economic development --- Citizen participation --- Social aspects --- Agriculture and state --- Community development --- Economic development --- Regional planning --- Développement rural --- Government policy. --- Politique gouvernementale --- Italie --- Rural conditions --- Conditions rurales

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprise and Tax Administrations provide guidance on the application of the “arm’s length principle”, which is the international consensus on transfer pricing, i.e. on the valuation for tax purposes of cross-border transactions between associated enterprises. In a global economy where multinational enterprises (MNEs) play a prominent role, transfer pricing continues to be high on the agenda of tax administrations and taxpayers alike. Governments need to ensure that the taxable profits of MNEs are not artificially shifted out of their jurisdiction and that the tax base reported by MNEs in their country reflects the economic activity undertaken therein. For taxpayers, it is essential to limit the risks of economic double taxation that may result from a dispute between two countries on the determination of the arm’s length remuneration for their cross-border transactions with associated enterprises.

Transfer pricing --- International business enterprises --- Transfer pricing. --- Taxation --- Law and legislation --- Law and legislation. --- OECD countries. --- Cost transfer pricing --- Intercompany pricing --- Interdivisional transfer pricing --- Internal transfer pricing --- Business enterprises, International --- Corporations, International --- Global corporations --- International corporations --- MNEs (International business enterprises) --- Multinational corporations --- Multinational enterprises --- Transnational corporations --- OECD member countries --- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries --- Pricing --- Business enterprises --- Corporations --- Joint ventures --- Taxation.