Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Wille und Willensfreiheit sind ein heißes Thema, in der Gehirnforschung ebenso wie in der Philosophie. Wenn der Wille eine Folge biologischer Gehirnfunktionen ist und naturwissenschaftlich beschrieben werden kann, wird die ethische Verantwortung des Einzelnen zum Bollwerk gegen den natürlichen Egoismus. Für Wolfgang Seidel gehören biologisch bedingte Reaktionen im Gehirn zu den konkreten Erkenntnissen aus der medizinischen Forschung und Praxis – aber auch die Erfahrung, dass nicht alle physiologischen Auswirkungen auf den einzelnen Menschen mit den Mitteln naturwissenschaftlichen Vorgehens kausal absehbar sind. Sein Buch ist eine Kritik an dem alleinigen Erklärungsanspruch eines naturwissenschaftlichen Determinismus, der Denken und Verhalten in allen Details kausal aus der Grundlagenforschung ableiten will. Seidels spannende emotionspsychologische Argumentation lädt zum Nachdenken über die Gehirnmechanismen und bewusste Entscheidungsfreiheit ein – wobei wir nebenbei erleben können, dass das Gefühl, einen freien Willen zu haben, zwar ein gut begründetes emotionspsychologisches Phänomen ist, dass aber der Verstand mit seiner Fähigkeit zur Verantwortung das ethisch korrekte Funktionieren des Gehirns gewährleistet.

Epistemology. --- Popular works. --- Psychology. --- Ethics. --- Neuropsychology. --- Epistemology. --- Popular Science, general. --- Popular Science in Psychology. --- Ethics. --- Neuropsychology.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Knowledge, Theory of --- Social epistemology --- Goldman, Alvin I.,

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Infinite regress arguments are part of a philosopher's tool kit of argumentation. But how sharp or strong is this tool? How effectively is it used? The typical presentation of infinite regress arguments throughout history is so succinct and has so many gaps that it is often unclear how an infinite regress is derived, and why an infinite regress is logically problematic, and as a result, it is often difficult to evaluate infinite regress arguments. These consequences of our customary way of using this tool indicate that there is a need for a theory to re-orient our practice. My general approach to contribute to such a theory, consists of collecting and evaluating as many infinite regress arguments as possible, comparing and contrasting many of the formal and non-formal properties, looking for recurring patterns, and identifying the properties that appeared essential to those patterns. Two very general questions guided this work: (1) How are infinite regresses generated in infinite regress arguments? (2) How do infinite regresses logically function as premises in an argument? In answering these questions I clarify the notion of an infinite regress; identify different logical forms of infinite regresses; describe different kinds of infinite regress arguments; distinguish the rhetoric from the logic in infinite regress arguments; and suggest ways of improving our discussion and our practice of constructing and evaluating these arguments.

Philosophy. --- Logic. --- Metaphysics. --- Epistemology. --- Philosophy of Religion. --- Philosophy (General). --- Genetic epistemology. --- Epistémologie génétique --- Logique --- Métaphysique --- Philosophie --- Infinite regress.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Timothy Williamson's 2000 book Knowledge and Its Limits is perhaps the most important work of philosophy of the decade. Eighteen leading philosophers have now joined forces to give a critical assessment of ideas and arguments in this work, and the impact it has had on contemporary philosophy. They discuss epistemological issues concerning evidence, defeasibility, scepticism, testimony, assertion, and perception, and debate Williamson's central claim that knowledge is amental state.

Theory of knowledge --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Epistemology --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Williamson, Timothy. --- Knowledge, Theory of

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Knowledge, Theory of. --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of