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In 1540, Zamumo, the chief of the Altamahas in central Georgia, exchanged gifts with the Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto. With these gifts began two centuries of exchanges that bound American Indians and the Spanish, English, and French who colonized the region. Whether they gave gifts for diplomacy or traded commodities for profit, Natives and newcomers alike used the exchange of goods such as cloth, deerskin, muskets, and sometimes people as a way of securing their influence. Gifts and trade enabled early colonies to survive and later colonies to prosper. Conversely, they upset the social balance of chiefdoms like Zamumo's and promoted the rise of new and powerful Indian confederacies like the Creeks and the Choctaws.Drawing on archaeological studies, colonial documents from three empires, and Native oral histories, Joseph M. Hall, Jr., offers fresh insights into broad segments of southeastern colonial history, including the success of Florida's Franciscan missionaries before 1640 and the impact of the Indian slave trade on French Louisiana after 1699. He also shows how gifts and trade shaped the Yamasee War, which pitted a number of southeastern tribes against English South Carolina in 1715-17. The exchanges at the heart of Zamumo's Gifts highlight how the history of Europeans and Native Americans cannot be understood without each other.

Europeans --- Indians of North America --- Commerce --- History --- First contact with other peoples --- Southern States --- American History. --- American Studies. --- Native American Studies.

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One of the most profound events in sixteenth-century North America was a ferocious battle between the Spanish army of Hernando de Soto and a larger force of Indian warriors under the leadership of a feared chieftain named Tascalusa. The site of this battle was a small fortified border town within an Indian province known as Mabila. Although the Indians were defeated, the battle was a decisive blow to Spanish plans for the conquest and settlement of what is now the southeastern United States. For in that battle, De Soto's army lost its baggage, including all proofs of the richness of

Mabila, Battle of, Ala., 1540 --- Spaniards --- Choctaw Indians --- Spaniards --- Choctaw Indians --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- History --- First contact with other peoples --- Antiquities. --- Antiquities. --- Soto, Hernando de, --- Tuskaloosa, --- Southern States --- Discovery and exploration --- Spanish

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In this reinterpretation of U.S. history, the author argues that, until now, writing about and popular understanding of the exploration and mapping of the New World has largely ignored the pivotal role played by indigenous people.

Cartography --- Indian cartography --- Indians of North America --- History --- First contact with Europeans --- West (U.S.) --- Discovery and exploration. --- Cartography, Indian --- Indians --- Cartography, Primitive --- Chartography --- Map-making --- Mapmaking --- Mapping (Cartography) --- Mathematical geography --- Surveying --- Map projection --- Maps --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- First Nations (North America) --- Indians of the United States --- Indigenous peoples --- Native Americans --- North American Indians --- Culture --- Ethnology --- American West --- Trans-Mississippi West (U.S.) --- United States, Western --- Western States (U.S.) --- Western United States --- First contact with other peoples

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Indians of North America --- Indiens d'Amérique --- First contact with Europeans. --- Cultural assimilation. --- History --- Premiers contacts avec les européens --- Acculturation --- Etats-Unis --- Histoire --- Canada --- New France. --- France --- Nouvelle-France --- Colonies --- History. --- Indiens d'Amérique --- Premiers contacts avec les européens --- Intermarriage --- Métis --- Racially mixed people --- Bi-racial people --- Biracial people --- Interracial people --- Mixed race people --- Mixed-racial people --- Mulattoes --- Multiracial people --- Peoples of mixed descent --- Ethnic groups --- Miscegenation --- Marriage, Mixed --- Mixed marriage --- Marriage --- New France --- Canada (Nouvelle-France) --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Canada (Province) --- Province of Canada --- Dominion of Canada --- Ḳanadah --- Ḳanade --- Kanada (Dominion) --- Chanada --- كندا --- Канада --- Καναδάς --- Kanadas --- Republica de Canadá --- Dominio del Canadá --- Kanado --- کانادا --- Ceanada --- Yn Chanadey --- Chanadey --- 캐나다 --- Kʻaenada --- Kanakā --- קנדה --- カナダ --- Canadae --- Kanadaja --- 加拿大 --- קאנאדע --- Upper Canada --- Lower Canada --- Ethnic relations --- Race relations --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Falanxi --- Frankrijk --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- 法蘭西 --- 프랑스 --- Jianada --- First contact with other peoples. --- Kaineḍā