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In this, the companion volume to Computer Graphics for Artists: an Introduction, specific problems related to the creation of Computer Graphic environments and characters are explored. For the Computer Graphic artist, knowledge of tools is important, but what is even more important, and the subject of this book, is understanding problems and solutions encountered by artists who create environments and characters. This book is application-independent, but builds on information published in the previous volume by focusing instead on subject-specific methods for improving the quality of observation, craftsmanship, optimization, and application. In the character section, extensive anatomical data is provided as a generic basis for character building.
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Soft matter is nowadays used to describe an increasingly important class of - terials that encompasses polymers, liquid crystals, molecular assemblies building hierarchical structures, organic-inorganic hybrids, and the whole area of colloidal science. Common to all is that ?uctuations, and thus the thermal energy k T and B entropy, play an important role. Soft then means that these materials are in a state of matter that is neither a simple liquid nor a hard solid of the type studied in hard condensed matter, hence sometimes many types of soft matter are also named c- plex ?uids. Soft matter, either of synthetic or biological origin, has been a subject of physical and chemical research since the early ?nding of Staudinger that long chain mo- cules exist. From then on, synthetic chemistry as well as physical characterization underwent an enormous development. One of the outcomes is the abundant pr- ence of polymeric materials in our everyday life. Nowadays, methods developed for synthetic polymers are being more and more applied to biological soft matter. The link between modern biophysics and soft matter physics is quite close in many respects. This also means that the focus of research has moved from simple - mopolymers to more complex structures, such as branched objects, heteropolymers (random copolymers, proteins), polyelectrolytes, amphiphiles and so on.
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Human reasoning usually is very approximate and involves various types of uncertainties. Approximate reasoning is the computational modelling of any part of the process used by humans to reason about natural phenomena or to solve real world problems. The scope of this book includes fuzzy sets, Dempster-Shafer theory, multi-valued logic, probability, random sets, and rough set, near set and hybrid intelligent systems. Besides research articles and expository papers on theory and algorithms of approximation reasoning, papers on numerical experiments and real world applications were also encouraged. This Volume comprises of 12 chapters including an overview chapter providing an up-to-date and state-of-the research on the applications of Computational Intelligence techniques for approximation reasoning. The Volume is divided into 2 parts: Part-I: Approximate Reasoning - Theoretical Foundations and Part-II: Approximate Reasoning - Success Stories and Real World Applications.
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Approximation theory is that area of analysis which is concerned with the ability to approximate functions by simpler and more easily calculated functions. It is an area which, like many other fields of analysis, has its primary roots in the mathematics.The need for function approximation and classification arises in many branches of applied mathematics, computer science and data mining in particular. This edited volume comprises of 14 chapters, including several overview Chapters, which provides an up-to-date and state-of-the art research covering the theory and algorithms of function approximation and classification. Besides research articles and expository papers on theory and algorithms of function approximation and classification, papers on numerical experiments and real world applications were also encouraged. The Volume is divided into 2 parts: Part-I: Function Approximation and Classification - Theoretical Foundations and Part-II: Function Approximation and Classification - Success Stories and Real World Applications.
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Multi-agent systems are complex systems comprised of multiple intelligent agents that act either independently or in cooperation with one another. Agent-based modelling is a method for studying complex systems like economies, societies, ecologies etc. Due to their complexity, very often mathematical analysis is limited in its ability to analyse such systems. In this case, agent-based modelling offers a practical, constructive method of analysis. The objective of this book is to shed light on some emergent properties of multi-agent systems. The authors focus their investigation on the effect of knowledge exchange on the convergence of complex, multi-agent systems.
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The German Workshop on Robotics is a convention of roboticists from academia and industry working on mathematical and algorithmic foundations of robotics, on the design and analysis of robotic systems as well as on robotic applications. Selected contributions from researchers in German-speaking countries as well as from the international robotics community compose this volume. The papers are organized in ten scientific tracks: Kinematic and Dynamic Modeling, Motion Generation, Sensor Integration, Robot Vision, Robot Programming, Humanoid Robots, Grasping, Medical Robotics, Autonomous Helicopters, and Robot Applications. Due to an extensive review and discussion process, this collection of scientific contributions is of very high caliber and promises to strongly influence future robotic research activities.
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Information hiding is an area of great interest due to its applications in copyright protection of images, data, passport control, CDs, DVDs, videos and so on. This book presents a sample of recent research results from key researchers. The contributions include: Copyright protection system Video watermarking Restoring objects for digital inpainting Data embedding scheme Robust image watermarking Perceptual shaping in digital watermarking Image authentication method under JPEG Fingerprinting for copyright protection Data hiding for halftone images Information hiding for digital watermarking This book is directed to the application engineers, researchers, graduate students, professors and to those who are interested to investigate the information hiding techniques and use them in various applications such as copyright protection of images, data, passport control, CDs, DVDs, videos and so on.
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The Automotive Chassis is the result of two decades of experience: On the one hand from the experience of teaching courses such as Vehicle Mechanics, Vehicle System Design, Chassis Design to engineering students; on the other hand from the design practice of vehicle and chassis components in a large automotive company. This work is addressed primarily to students of automotive engineering and secondarily to all technicians and designers working in this field. It is also addressed to all enthusiasts who are looking for a technical guide. The text is subdivided in two volumes. The first one deals with the automotive chassis componenst, such as · a structure, usually a ladder framework, able to carry all the remaining components of the vehicle; · the suspensions for the mechanical linkage of wheels with the framework; · the wheels and their tires; · the steering system for changing wheel angles according to vehicle path; · the brake system for reducing speed or stopping the vehicle; · the transmission for applying engine torque to the driving wheels. The second volume deals with the automotive chassis as a system, studying how it influences vehicle performance and dealing in detail with mathematical models useful for the design and analysis of the vehicle.
Machine elements --- Motorcars engineering --- Production management --- chassis --- motorrijtuigen --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- machines --- auto's --- dynamica
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