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Namur (City) --- History --- 18th century

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We fear that the growing threat of violent attack has upset the balance between existential concepts of political power, which emphasize security, and traditional notions of constitutional limits meant to protect civil liberties. We worry that constitutional states cannot, during a time of war, terror, and extreme crisis, maintain legality and preserve civil rights and freedoms. David Williams Bates allays these concerns by revisiting the theoretical origins of the modern constitutional state, which, he argues, recognized and made room for tensions among law, war, and the social order.We traditionally associate the Enlightenment with the taming of absolutist sovereign power through the establishment of a legal state based on the rights of individuals. In his critical rereading, Bates shows instead that Enlightenment thinkers conceived of political autonomy in a systematic, theoretical way. Focusing on the nature of foundational violence, war, and existential crises, eighteenth-century thinkers understood law and constitutional order not as constraints on political power but as the logical implication of that primordial force. Returning to the origin stories that informed the beginnings of political community, Bates reclaims the idea of law, warfare, and the social order as intertwining elements subject to complex historical development. Following an analysis of seminal works by seventeenth-century natural-law theorists, Bates reviews the major canonical thinkers of constitutional theory (Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau) from the perspective of existential security and sovereign power. Countering Carl Schmitt's influential notion of the autonomy of the political, Bates demonstrates that Enlightenment thinkers understood the autonomous political sphere as a space of law protecting individuals according to their political status, not as mere members of a historically contingent social order.

Enlightenment. --- Natural law - History - 18th century. --- Sovereignty - History - 18th century. --- State, The - History - 18th century. --- War (International law) - History - 18th century.

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Great Britain --- History --- Military --- 18th century --- Snell --- Hannah --- 1723-1792

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Great Britain --- History --- Military --- 18th century --- Snell --- Hannah --- 1723-1792

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Since the dawn of the republic, faith in social equality, religious freedom, and the right to engage in civic activism have constituted our national creed. In this bracing history, Kathleen D. McCarthy traces the evolution of these ideals, exploring the impact of philanthropy and volunteerism on America from 1700 to 1865. What results is a vital reevaluation of public life during the pivotal decades leading up to the Civil War.The market revolution, participatory democracy, and voluntary associations have all been closely linked since the birth of the United States. American Cr

Charities -- United States -- History -- 18th century. --- Charities - United States - History - 18th century. --- Charities -- United States -- History -- 19th century. --- Civil society -- United States -- History -- 18th century. --- Civil society - United States - History - 18th century. --- Civil society -- United States -- History -- 19th century. --- Nonprofit organizations -- United States -- History -- 18th century. --- Nonprofit organizations - United States - History - 18th century. --- Nonprofit organizations -- United States -- History --19th century.