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This book introduces a number of selected advanced topics in mass transfer phenomenon and covers its theoretical, numerical, modeling and experimental aspects. The 26 chapters of this book are divided into five parts. The first is devoted to the study of some problems of mass transfer in microchannels, turbulence, waves and plasma, while chapters regarding mass transfer with hydro-, magnetohydro- and electro- dynamics are collected in the second part. The third part deals with mass transfer in food, such as rice, cheese, fruits and vegetables, and the fourth focuses on mass transfer in some large-scale applications such as geomorphologic studies. The last part introduces several issues of combined heat and mass transfer phenomena. The book can be considered as a rich reference for researchers and engineers working in the field of mass transfer and its related topics.

Spectrum analysis. --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Analytical chemistry --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Physical chemistry

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The advent of non-invasive imaging technology, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has allowed biologists and clinicians to make great strides in unraveling the secrets of the brain. In Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field provide a comprehensive collection of experimental MRI protocols that can be used to non-invasively interrogate the healthy and diseased brain. The chapters are divided into general techniques, such as the measurement of relaxivity, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, and MR reporter genes, as well as specific applications in brain imaging, for example, phenotyping transgenic animals, detecting amyloid plaques, and fMRI in psychiatry. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series, this work contains the type of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Thorough and cutting-edge, Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging: Methods and Protocols serves neuroscientists, clinical neurologists, psychiatrists, and radiologists with an excellent compendium of methods easily applied to both animal and human studies and certain to be an excellent resource for translational research.

Radiology, Medical. --- Spectroscopy. --- Imaging / Radiology. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Clinical radiology --- Radiology, Medical --- Radiology (Medicine) --- Medical physics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry

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This book presents the latest developments and issues in both experimental and theoretical studies of multi-photon processes and the spectroscopy of atoms, molecules and nanomaterials in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Material Science. It is an important addition to an advanced series that contains review papers suitable for both active researchers in these areas and non-experts who wish to enter the field. Special attention is paid to the recent progress of nonlinear photon-matter interactions applied to femtosecond laser induced nonadiabatic molecular alignment, high-order harmonic generati

Multiphoton processes. --- Spectrum analysis. --- Laser spectroscopy. --- Molecular spectra. --- Molecules --- Spectrum, Molecular --- Absorption spectra --- Mass spectrometry --- Molecular spectroscopy --- Nuclear spectroscopy --- Raman spectroscopy --- Spectrum analysis --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Multiple photon processes --- Processes, Multiphoton --- Excited state chemistry --- Lasers in chemistry --- Photochemistry --- Quantum electrodynamics --- Quantum optics --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry

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The reader is provided with information about methods of calibration of light sources and photodetectors as well as responsiveness of spectral instruments  ranging from near infrared to vacuum UV spectral, 1200 – 100 nm, and radiation intensities of up to several quanta per second in absolute and arbitrary units. The author describes for the first time original methods of measurements they created and draws upon over 40 years of experience in working with light sources and detectors to provide accurate and precise measurements. This book is the first to cover these aspects of radiometry and is divided into seven chapters that examine information about terminology, units, light sources and detectors, methods, including author’s original ones, of absolute calibration of detectors, spectral instruments responsiveness, absolute measurements of radiation intensity of photoprocesses, and original methods of their study. Of interest to researchers measuring; luminescence spectra, light intensities from IR to vacuum UV, spectral range in wide-light intensity ranges, calibrate light sources and detectors, absolute or relative quantum yields of photoprocess determination.

Optical radiometry -- Instruments. --- Radiation -- Experiments. --- Radiation -- Measurement. --- Radiation --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Analytical Chemistry --- Measurement --- Experiments --- Measurement. --- Experiments. --- Chemistry. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Materials science. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Biological Microscopy. --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytical chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Metallurgical analysis --- Mineralogy, Determinative --- Radiation monitoring --- Radiometry --- Electromagnetic measurements --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Interferometry --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Material science --- Physical sciences

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X-ray diffraction crystallography for powder samples is a well-established and widely used method. It is applied to materials characterization to reveal the atomic scale structure of various substances in a variety of states. The book deals with fundamental properties of X-rays, geometry analysis of crystals, X-ray scattering and diffraction in polycrystalline samples and its application to the determination of the crystal structure. The reciprocal lattice and integrated diffraction intensity from crystals and symmetry analysis of crystals are explained. To learn the method of X-ray diffraction crystallography well and to be able to cope with the given subject, a certain number of exercises is presented in the book to calculate specific values for typical examples. This is particularly important for beginners in X-ray diffraction crystallography. One aim of this book is to offer guidance to solving the problems of 90 typical substances. For further convenience, 100 supplementary exercises are also provided with solutions. Some essential points with basic equations are summarized in each chapter, together with some relevant physical constants and the atomic scattering factors of the elements.

Crystallography. --- Engineering. --- Materials. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- X-ray crystallography --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- X-ray crystallography. --- Materials science. --- Solid state physics. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Nanotechnology. --- Materials Science. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Solid State Physics. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Crystallography --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Leptology --- Physical sciences --- Mineralogy --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Solids --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Material science --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry