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Politiku zaměřenou na vyrovnání šancí žen a mužů by měly prosazovat všechny úřady veřejné správy nejen proto, že Česká republika při vstupu do Evropské unie podepsala závazné dokumenty a přejímá evropskou legislativu v této oblasti. Faktem totiž je, že v České republice nebylo dosaženo rovnosti příležitostí žen a mužů ani v soukromém ani v pracovním životě a úřady veřejné správy by měly vyrovnávání šancí podporovat především v pracovně-právních vztazích a měly by provádět osvětu zaměřenou na veřejné mínění. Rovné příležitosti znamenají neexistenci překážek pro účast na ekonomickém, politickém a sociálním životě na základě pohlaví. Programy rovných příležitostí reagují na společenské překážky a znevýhodnění, kterým čelí některé skupiny obyvatel - např. ženy, rodiče, lidé nad padesát let, zdravotně handicapovaní atd. Jejich cílem je nastavit jim rovnou startovací čáru, která těmto skupinám umožní důstojné postavení ve společnosti a realizaci na základě vlastních schopností a dovedností. Rovné příležitosti jsou také jedním ze základních principů Evropské unie a jejích politik. Protože programy rovných příležitostí jsou odpovědí na systémovou diskriminaci ve společnosti a na trhu práce, není možné je považovat za neoprávněné zvýhodňování jedné skupiny obyvatel nad druhou. [...].

Gender identity.

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Gender identity --- Social aspects

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"Global Masculinities and Manhood sets out to deconstruct the history and politics of cultured masculinities within the contexts that produced them. After the Foucauldian revolution in critical media studies, the study of masculinity has concentrated mainly on the construction of manhood and its impact on gendered discourses. In the era of globalization, masculinity continues to be studied in a Western-centric context, interrogating images of masculinity on a global scale but taking implicitly white American manhood as the norm. Bringing together an array of interdisciplinary and multi-theoretical voices, this volume examines masculinity from several perspectives: politics of identity, cultural definitions of masculinity across the globe, and how masculinity is interpreted and practiced through discourse. Three major themes guide the essays in this book: defining masculinity in the global sphere; mediated representations of masculinity; and the cultural practice of masculinity as a local and global phenomenon. Ultimately, the essays seek to answer the question: "What makes a man who he is within his culture?" This volume will appeal to critical studies scholars in communications, anthropology, literature, political science, history, international studies, ethnic studies, gender and women's studies, philosophy and sociology. Addressing both a national and international audience, the book has a wide potential audience and many of the contributing writers come from outside the United States and the United Kingdom"--Provided by publisher. " Bringing together an array of interdisciplinary voices, Global Masculinities and Manhood examines the concept of masculinity from the perspectives of cultures around the world. In the era of globalization, masculinity continues to be studied in a Western-centric context. Contributors to this volume, however, deconstruct the history and politics of masculinities within the contexts of the cultures from which they have been developed, examining what makes a man who he is within his own culture. Highlighting manifestations of masculinity in countries including Jamaica, Turkey, Peru, Kenya, Australia, and China, scholars from a variety of disciplines grapple with the complex politics of identity and the question of how gender is interpreted and practiced through discourse. Topics include how masculinity is affected by war and conflict, defined in relation to race, ethnicity, and sexuality, and expressed in cultural activities such as sports or the cinema. Contributors are Bryant Keith Alexander, Molefi K. Asante, Murali Balaji, Radhika Chopra, Maurice Hall, Ronald L. Jackson II, Shino Konishi, Nil Mutluer, Mich Nyawalo, Kathleen Glenister Roberts, Margarita Saona, and Kath Woodward"--Provided by publisher.

Masculinity. --- Masculinity --- Masculinity (Psychology) --- Sex (Psychology) --- Men --- Gender Identity. --- Gender --- Gender Identities --- Identity, Gender --- Transgender Persons

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Féminin, masculin : au carrefour de la biologie, de la phylogenèse et du destin humain, au-delà des mystères de la rencontre de la conception de la transmission, comment cette distinction, que l'on croit encore trop souvent « naturelle » alors qu'elle est en fait « culturelle », vient-elle aux bébés ? Comment est-elle construite dès la naissance par les rites ou par les soins dans diverses sociétés ou époques ? Avec leur dimension de sollicitude, les soins quotidiens - au sens du « prendre soin » - et les soins thérapeutiques - au sens du « soigner » - sont-ils « neutres » ou marqués par la différence des sexes ? La conjugalité, la différence des sexes et le désir jouent-ils encore un rôle dans la parentalité, dans la fonction « paternelle » et dans les fonctions d'attachement qui contribuent à la pratique de la parentalité et aux soins ? Quels effets l'engagement d'hommes dans les métiers très féminins de la périnatalité a-t-il sur les représentations des « devenant parents » ? Si le sexe anatomique est incertain à la naissance, quelles questions éthiques ? Bref, le sexe social ou le « genre » est bien présent dans et autour des berceaux ! Ces questions complexes et intriquées touchent les professionnels de la périnatalité dans leur identité de personne et dans leur exercice quotidien. Mais elles constituent aussi des enjeux sur la façon de prendre soin des générations à venir et concernent donc tous les citoyens.

Gender identity. --- Infant psychology.

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I have the honour to present this second volume of the “What is the Gender of Security?” series. The OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina has partnered with the Sarajevo Open Centre in support of established and emerging practitioners and academics to provide important analysis on the engagement of women in the security sector and other relevant topics pertaining to gender and security. In so doing, we aim to foster synergies among academia, practitioners, and political and security decision-makers, and to highlight the importance of including gender perspectives in all aspects of security. We have partnered with the Sarajevo Open Centre to mark two important anniversaries: 2020 marks 25 years since the end of the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina and 20 years since the adoption of the landmark UNSC Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. The Resolution, unfortunately inspired by the conflicts in BiH and Rwanda in the 1990s, has helped place women’s war and post-war experiences at the forefront of international policy making, especially when it comes to peace negotiations and peace-building, peacekeeping, reconciliation, and reconstruction. Although much remains to be done in the fight to achieve equal rights and opportunities, it is worth recalling the progress achieved so far. To date 83 countries have adopted a National Action Plan for the Implementation of UNSCR 1325, with BiH being one of the first, having adopted its Plan in 2010. I am proud to represent an organization that puts promoting and achieving gender equality within and among participating States, our executive structures and field operations at the forefront of its work. The OSCE adopted its Action Plan for Promotion of Gender Equality in 2004, at a time when gender issues were rarely discussed in international fora. UNSCR 1325 is one of the pillars of our Action Plan and the OSCE Mission to BiH will continue to support BiH partner institutions in promoting its implementation. Since the 1975 Helsinki Final Act (the precursor to the OSCE as we know it today), participating States have recognized the value of a comprehensive approach to security. We remain committed to this approach. Human security cannot be ensured by depending exclusively on democratically-controlled defence and security forces. To achieve sustainable security, access to education and health, economic stability, rule of law, respect for human rights and a stable environment are all crucial. Gender equality and ensuring that youth perspectives play a central role in decision making remains at the heart of the OSCE’s approach. In 2019 the OSCE published research on “Implementing the Women, Peace and Security Agenda in the OSCE Region“ which provides an excellent overview of the implementation of UNSCR 1325. I recommend it to all interested researchers. The world is currently facing a security crisis on a scale more serious than most others in living memory. We are confronted with a pandemic that has forced us all to assume a key role in ensuring the safety and security of our loved ones and ourselves. The spread of the COVID-19 virus has brought into stark relief our global interdependence. It has highlighted the importance of looking out for each other, as well as supporting and protecting the democratic institutions that help our societies function and effectively address crises such as this one. Moreover, it has demonstrated the important role women can and must play as leaders, communicators, researchers and health providers in fighting the pandemic, to the benefit of all. These challenges require us all, whether in government or academia, to continue to collaborate, monitor, analyse, and learn from the experiences we are confronting. It is my sincere hope that, with this second volume, the Sarajevo Open Centre and the OSCE Mission to BiH will together make a valuable contribution to increased knowledge and awareness of many aspects of the UNSCR 1325 implementation.

Gender-based violence.