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Insurgency --- Explorers --- Discoverers --- Navigators --- Voyagers --- Adventure and adventurers --- Heroes --- Discoveries in geography --- Insurgent attacks --- Rebellions --- Civil war --- Political crimes and offenses --- Revolutions --- Government, Resistance to --- Internal security --- History --- Aguirre, Lope de, --- De Aguirre, Lope, --- South America --- Discovery and exploration --- Spanish.

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Rebel groups are often portrayed as predators, their leaders little more than warlords. In conflicts large and small, however, insurgents frequently take and hold territory, establishing sophisticated systems of governance that deliver extensive public services to civilians under their control. From police and courts, schools, hospitals, and taxation systems to more symbolic expressions such as official flags and anthems, some rebels are able to appropriate functions of the modern state, often to great effect in generating civilian compliance. Other insurgent organizations struggle to provide even the most basic services and suffer from the local unrest and international condemnation that result.Rebel Rulers is informed by Zachariah Cherian Mampilly's extensive fieldwork in rebel-controlled areas. Focusing on three insurgent organizations-the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in Sri Lanka, the Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD) in Congo, and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) in Sudan-Mampilly's comparative analysis shows that rebel leaders design governance systems in response to pressures from three main sources. They must take into consideration the needs of local civilians, who can challenge rebel rule in various ways. They must deal with internal factions that threaten their control. And they must respond to the transnational actors that operate in most contemporary conflict zones. The development of insurgent governments can benefit civilians even as they enable rebels to assert control over their newly attained and sometimes chaotic territories.

Civilians in war --- Insurgency --- War --- War and society --- Insurgent attacks --- Rebellions --- Civil war --- Political crimes and offenses --- Revolutions --- Government, Resistance to --- Internal security --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Sudan --- Sri Lanka --- Politics and government --- History

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Democratization --- Insurgency --- Démocratisation --- Révoltes --- Arab countries --- Etats arabes --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Démocratisation --- Révoltes --- Insurgent attacks --- Rebellions --- Civil war --- Political crimes and offenses --- Revolutions --- Government, Resistance to --- Internal security --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Arab world --- Arabic countries --- Arabic-speaking states --- Islamic countries --- Middle East --- Democratization - Arab countries --- Insurgency - Arab countries --- Arab countries - Politics and government - 21st century

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Depuis la chute des présidents Ben Ali et Moubarak, pas un pays arabe n’est épargné par un vent de contestation qui, à défaut d’être irrésistible, laissera partout des traces irréversibles. Ce livre représente la première tentative d’interprétation de ce bouleversement historique et s’efforce d’en tirer dès maintenant un certain nombre de leçons, qui battent en brèche bien des idées reçues. Non, l’islam n’est pas le facteur systématique d’explication des comportements politiques. Oui, la jeunesse est en première ligne, elle conteste à tous les niveaux le système patriarcal. Non, l’alternative à la démocratie n’est plus la dictature, c’est le chaos, un chaos déchaîné par les nervis des régimes autoritaires et iniques. Oui, on peut gagner sans chef. La rupture est radicale avec toute une culture du leader charismatique, alors que s’affirme une forme très avancée d’autodiscipline citoyenne. Non, il n’y aura pas d’effet domino, ni d’entraînement mécanique d’un pays à l’autre. Dans chaque pays, cette Révolution arabe se déclinera à chaque fois dans le cadre de l’État moderne et des frontières postcoloniales, les régimes ayant le choix entre la réforme substantielle ou la violence suicidaire. Nous ne sommes qu’au début d’une seconde renaissance qui, en écho à la Nahda du XIXe siècle (menée, déjà, par la Tunisie et l’Égypte), cherche à renouer avec les promesses des Lumières arabes.

Insurgency --- Democratization --- Révoltes --- Démocratisation --- History --- Histoire --- Arab countries --- Etats arabes --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Globalization --- Political culture --- Revolutions --- Protest movements --- Middle East --- Politics and government. --- DemocratizationPolitics and government. --- Insurgent attacks --- Rebellions --- Civil war --- Political crimes and offenses --- Government, Resistance to --- Internal security --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Printemps arabe (2010-....) --- Pays arabes --- Politique et gouvernement. --- Globalization - Arab countries --- Democratization - Arab countries --- Political culture - Arab countries --- Revolutions - Arab countries --- Protest movements - Arab countries - History - 21st century --- Protest movements - Middle East - History - 21st century --- Arab countries - History - 21th century --- Arab countries - Politics and government - 21th century --- Middle East - Politics and government - 21st century --- Middle East - History - 21th century

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After decades of bloodshed and political terror, many lament the rise of the left in Latin America. Since the triumph of Castro, politicians and historians have accused the left there of rejecting democracy, embracing communist totalitarianism, and prompting both revolutionary violence and a right-wing backlash. Through unprecedented archival research and gripping personal testimonies, the author challenges these views. In doing so, he uncovers the hidden history of the Latin American Cold War: of hidebound reactionaries holding on to their power and privilege; of Mayan Marxists blending indigenous notions of justice with universal ideas of equality; and of a United States supporting new styles of state terror throughout the region.

Panzós Massacre, Panzós, Guatemala, 1978. --- Indians of Central America --- Communism --- Insurgency --- Social conflict --- Indiens d'Amérique --- Communisme --- Révoltes --- Conflits sociaux --- Government relations. --- History --- Relations avec l'Etat --- Histoire --- Guatemala --- United States --- Latin America --- Etats-Unis --- Amérique latine --- Relations --- Panzós Massacre, Panzós, Guatemala, 1978 --- Class conflict --- Class struggle --- Conflict, Social --- Social tensions --- Interpersonal conflict --- Social psychology --- Sociology --- Insurgent attacks --- Rebellions --- Civil war --- Political crimes and offenses --- Revolutions --- Government, Resistance to --- Internal security --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Massacres --- Government relations