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The corpus of Early Dynastic figurative monuments from ancient Mesopotamia is substantial. For many years, establishing the chronological sequence and development of these artifacts has been a complicated and problematic task. In this volume—first published in Italian in 2006 and here translated, revised, and updated—Gianni Marchesi and Nicolò Marchetti provide a complete relative chronology for these remarkable objects. Having established the chronological sequence through an examination of the archaeological contexts of the excavated pieces and the analysis of their inscriptions, the authors then consider the significance of the changes, over time, in the subject matter of figurative arts, noting a gradual shift from a stage in which the entire officialdom of early polities was celebrated to a stage in which the figure of the king alone becomes the main and then almost the only object of celebration. Near the end of the Early Dynastic period, which was a time of continual political upheaval, new iconographic details were introduced in order to characterize the royal figure, and a distinctive royal iconography began to be developed.Starting from these observations, the authors proceed to investigate the ideology of early polities in Mesopotamia and the role and functions of the king. Along with a new chronology of Early Dynastic rulers and an outline of Early Dynastic history, discussions of significant monuments and inscriptions are offered. In addition, all known inscriptions on royal statues are edited and provided with detailed commentaries.First published in 2006 as La statuaria regale nella Mesopotamica Protodinastica (Rome: Bardi Editore).

Kings and rulers in art. --- Sculpture, Ancient --- Ancient sculpture --- Kings in art --- Iraq --- Antiquities. --- Kings and rulers in art --- Antiquities --- Archaeological specimens --- Artefacts (Antiquities) --- Artifacts (Antiquities) --- Specimens, Archaeological --- Material culture --- Archaeology --- Irak --- Rāfidayn, Bilād --- Bilād al-Rāfidayn --- Republic of Iraq --- Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah --- Bilād

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The Correspondence of the Kings of Ur is a collection of literary letters between the Ur III monarchs and their high officials at the end of the third millennium B.C. The letters cover topics of royal authority and proper governance, defense of frontier regions, and the ultimate disintegration of the empire and represent the largest corpus of Sumerian prose literature we possess. This long-awaited edition, based on extensive collation of almost all extant manuscripts, numbering more than a hundred, includes detailed historical and literary analyses, and copious philological commentary. It entirely supersedes the Michalowski’s oft-cited unpublished Yale dissertation of 1976.The edition is accompanied by an extensive analysis of the place of the letters in early second-millennium schooling, treating the letters as literature, followed by chapters that contextualize the epistolary material within historical and historiographic contexts, utilizing many Sumerian archival, literary, and historical sources. The main objective here is to try to navigate the complex issues of authenticity, authority, and fiction that arise from the study of these literary artifacts. In addition, Michalowski offers new hypotheses about many aspects of late third-millennium history, including essays on military history and strategy, on frontiers, on the nature and putative character of nomadism at the time, as well as a long chapter on the role of a people designated as Amorites.The included DVD includes various photographs at high resolution of most of the tablets included in the study.

Sumerian letters --- Translations into English. --- Ur (Extinct city) --- Kings and rulers. --- History --- Sources. --- Lettres (Genre littéraire) sumériennes --- Ur (Ville ancienne) --- Sumerian literature --- Translations into English --- Muqayyar, Tall al- (Iraq) --- Tall al-Muqayyar (Iraq) --- Tell el-Mukayyar (Iraq) --- Tell el-Muqayyar (Iraq) --- Ur (Ancient city) --- Ur of the Chaldees (Extinct city) --- Urim (Extinct city) --- Iraq --- Antiquities --- Kings and rulers --- Sources --- Sumerian letters. --- Czars (Kings and rulers) --- Kings and rulers, Primitive --- Monarchs --- Royalty --- Rulers --- Sovereigns --- Tsars --- Tzars --- Heads of state --- Queens --- Irak --- Rāfidayn, Bilād --- Bilād al-Rāfidayn --- Republic of Iraq --- Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah --- Middle East --- Ur --- Sumerian letters - Translations into English --- Ur (Extinct city) - Kings and rulers --- Ur (Extinct city) - History - Sources

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Ishtar (Assyro-Babylonian deity) --- Prayer --- Ishtar (Divinité assyro-babylonienne) --- Prière --- Cult --- Judaism --- Culte --- Judaïsme --- Bible. --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- Iraq --- Irak --- Religion. --- Religion --- Cult. --- Judaism. --- Ishtar (Divinité assyro-babylonienne) --- Prière --- Judaïsme --- Worship --- Prayers --- Prayer (Judaism) --- Biblos Psalmon (Book of the Old Testament) --- Buch der Preisungen (Book of the Old Testament) --- Liber Psalmorum (Book of the Old Testament) --- Mazāmīr (Book of the Old Testament) --- Preisungen (Book of the Old Testament) --- Psalmen (Book of the Old Testament) --- Psalmoi (Book of the Old Testament) --- Psalms (Book of the Old Testament) --- Psalms of David (Book of the Old Testament) --- Psaumes (Book of the Old Testament) --- Pseaumes de Dauid (Book of the Old Testament) --- Salmenes bok (Book of the Old Testament) --- Salmos (Book of the Old Testament) --- Shihen (Book of the Old Testament) --- Sifr al-Mazāmīr (Book of the Old Testament) --- Soltar (Book of the Old Testament) --- Tehilim (Book of the Old Testament) --- Tehillim (Book of the Old Testament) --- תהלים (Book of the Old Testament) --- Zsoltárkönyv (Book of the Old Testament) --- Rāfidayn, Bilād --- Bilād al-Rāfidayn --- Republic of Iraq --- Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah --- Ishtar --- Ashtart --- Religion assyro-babylonienne --- Bible --- divinité sémitique --- Prières --- Antiquité --- Critique, interprétation, etc.