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Preserved wood. --- Salt. --- Salt weathering. --- Wood --- Wood poles. --- Piling (Civil engineering) --- Poles (Engineering) --- Preservation.

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Various approaches to good construction practices that could improve the installation of transmission line structure foundations are presented. Spread foundations, drilled shaft foundations, pile foundations, and anchors are treated. This guide is intended to be used as a reference source for those involved in the ownership, design, and construction of transmission structures.

Electric lines --- Electric circuits. --- Electric networks. --- Poles and towers.

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Catholic Church --- Catholic Church --- Poles --- History --- History --- History --- Poland --- Emigration and immigration --- History.

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This paper develops an empirical measure of growth poles and uses it to examine the phenomenon of multipolarity. The authors formally define several alternative measures, provide theoretical justifications for these measures, and compute polarity values for nation states in the global economy. The calculations suggest that China, Western Europe, and the United States have been important growth poles over the broad course of world history, and in modern economic history the United States, Japan, Germany, and China have had prominent periods of growth polarity. The paper goes on to analyze the economic and institutional determinants, both at the proximate and fundamental level, that underlie this measure of polarity, as well as compute measures of dispersion in growth polarity shares for the major growth poles.

Achieving Shared Growth --- Currencies and Exchange Rates --- Economic Growth --- Economic Theory & Research --- Growth Dynamics --- Growth Poles --- Growth Spillovers --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Multipolar World --- Population Policies

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One of the major difficulties in predicting the capacity of pipe piles in sand has resulted from a lack of understanding of the physical processes that control the behavior of piles during installation and loading. This monograph presents a detailed blue print for developing experimental facilities necessary to identify these processes. These facilities include a unique instrumented double-walled pipe-pile that is used to delineate the frictional stresses acting against the external and internal surfaces of the pile. The pile is fitted with miniature pore-pressure transducers to monitor the generation of pore water pressure during installation and loading. A fast automatic laboratory pile hammer capable of representing the phenomena that occur during pile driving was also developed and used. Finally, a pressure chamber; feedback control system; data acquisition system; loading frame; sand handling, pluviating, saturating, and drying apparatus have been integrated to allow convenient load testing of piles under simulated field conditions. The experimental apparatus is presented with sufficient details to allow readers to duplicate or modify the design to suit their own needs. A number of load tests were carried out to identify the effects of inertia and build-up of pore water pressure on pile plugging. Continuous measurement of dynamic and static excess pore pressures, frictional and end bearing stresses, and the elevation of the soil inside the pile during installation and loading are presented. The results of the testing program validates the performance of the developed apparatus, and provide unique insights into soil-structure interaction during pile driving and subsequent loading. The work contributes to a better understanding of pile behavior.

Piling (Civil engineering) --- Pipe, Steel. --- Sand. --- Quartz sand --- Steel pipe --- Pile-driving --- Piles (Civil engineering) --- Engineering. --- Geographical information systems. --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Machinery. --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. --- Machinery and Machine Elements. --- Geology. --- Aggregates (Building materials) --- Sediments (Geology) --- Pipe --- Steel pipe industry --- Civil engineering --- Foundations --- Poles (Engineering) --- Wood poles --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Mechanics, applied. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Geography --- Engineering—Geology. --- Machinery --- Machines --- Manufactures --- Power (Mechanics) --- Mechanical engineering --- Motors --- Power transmission --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Flow of water --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Geology, Economic --- Curious devices --- Flow --- Distribution --- Details --- Geology