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Brain --- Cerebral ischemia. --- Congestion.
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Brain --- Cerebral ischemia. --- Congestion.
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Brain --- Cerebral ischemia. --- Congestion.
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This work reflects on those aspects of cerebrovascular ischemia that currently pose formidable challenges to effective treatment or, alternatively, that potentially offer tremendous opportunities for the future. The authors provide a scholarly review of current interventions, their advantages and shortcomings, as well as offering important insights into the likely direction of future therapeutic targets and strategies.
Brain Ischemia -- Therapy. --- Cerebral ischemia -- Treatment. --- Cerebral ischemia --- Cerebrovascular Disorders --- Brain Diseases --- Vascular Diseases --- Cardiovascular Diseases --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- Nervous System Diseases --- Diseases --- Brain Ischemia --- Treatment
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Cerebral ischemia --- Cerebrovascular Disorders --- Vascular Diseases --- Brain Diseases --- Cardiovascular Diseases --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- Nervous System Diseases --- Diseases --- Diagnosis --- Brain Ischemia --- Stroke
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Eye --- Giant Cell Arteritis. --- Ischemia --- Optic Nerve --- Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic. --- Optic nerve --- Blood-vessels --- Diseases. --- Complications. --- Blood supply. --- Diseases.
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Coronary heart disease. --- Ventricular fibrillation. --- Fibrillation, Ventricular --- Arrhythmia --- Cardiac arrest --- Coronary arteries --- Coronary arteriosclerosis --- Coronary disease --- Coronary thrombosis --- Ischemic heart disease --- Myocardial ischemia --- Heart --- Type A behavior --- Diseases
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Coronary heart disease. --- Cardiovascular system --- Cardiovascular diseases --- Coronary arteries --- Coronary arteriosclerosis --- Coronary disease --- Coronary thrombosis --- Ischemic heart disease --- Myocardial ischemia --- Heart --- Type A behavior --- Diseases. --- Diseases
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The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health.
Striated muscle. --- Striated muscle --- Blood --- Blood-vessels. --- Circulation --- Regulation. --- Muscles --- blood supply. --- basal vascular tone --- vasoregulation --- exercise hyperemia --- transcapillary exchange --- edema formation --- ischemia/reperfusion --- risk factors --- inflammation --- beneficial effects of exercise
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Ischemic optic neuropathy, often referred to as a stroke of the optic nerve, is one of the major causes of visual impairment or loss of vision. Yet it is a highly controversial and confusing subject because of the general lack of in-depth scientific understanding of the subject. In this book the leading authority in the field describes in detail the current knowledge about the different forms of the often devastating disease. Insights into the underlying pathogenesis and peculiar clinical features are given, leading the reader to the most appropriate way of management. This information will help any physician dealing with patients who suffer from sudden loss of vision.
Eye -- Blood-vessels -- Diseases. --- Giant Cell Arteritis. --- Ischemia -- Complications. --- Optic Nerve -- blood supply. --- Optic nerve -- Diseases. --- Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic. --- Optic nerve --- Eye --- Ischemia --- Optic Nerve Diseases --- Vasculitis, Central Nervous System --- Vascular Diseases --- Arteritis --- Cranial Nerves --- Skin Diseases, Vascular --- Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System --- Cardiovascular Diseases --- Peripheral Nerves --- Vasculitis --- Cranial Nerve Diseases --- Cerebrovascular Disorders --- Skin Diseases --- Eye Diseases --- Autoimmune Diseases --- Peripheral Nervous System --- Nervous System Diseases --- Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases --- Diseases --- Brain Diseases --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- Immune System Diseases --- Nervous System --- Anatomy --- Giant Cell Arteritis --- Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic --- Optic Nerve --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Ophthalmology & Optometry --- Blood-vessels --- Complications --- Optic nerve. --- Diseases. --- Diseases and defects --- Medicine. --- Rheumatology. --- Neurology. --- Ophthalmology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Nerves, Cranial --- Posterior segment (Eye) --- Visual pathways --- Ophthalmology --- Internal medicine --- Connective tissues --- Joints --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neurology .
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