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"Over the last decade the technique of X-ray fluorescence has evolved from dependence on laboratory-based standalone units to field use of portable and lightweight handheld devices. These portable instruments have given researchers in art conservation and archaeology the opportunity to study a broad range of materials with greater accessibility and flexibility than ever before. In addition, the low relative cost of handheld XRF has led many museums, academic institutions, and cultural centres to invest in the devices for routine materials analysis purposes. Although these instruments often greatly simplify data collection, proper selection of analysis conditions and interpretation of the data still require an understanding of the principles of x-ray spectroscopy. These instruments are often marketed and used as 'point and shoot' solutions; however, their inexpert use can easily generate deceptive or erroneous results"--P. [4] of cover.

Museum conservation methods. --- Antiquities --- Art objects --- Fluorescence spectroscopy. --- X-ray spectroscopy in archaeology. --- Archaeology --- Fluorescence spectrometry --- Spectrometry, Fluorescence --- Spectroscopy, Fluorescence --- Luminescence spectroscopy --- Fluorescent probes --- Bric-a-brac --- Objects, Art --- Objets d'art --- Art --- Decoration and ornament --- Decorative arts --- Object (Aesthetics) --- Antiques --- Archaeological specimens --- Artefacts (Antiquities) --- Artifacts (Antiquities) --- Specimens, Archaeological --- Material culture --- Conservation methods, Museum --- Museum techniques --- Analysis. --- Methodology --- Methodology.

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The excavation of an area within the grounds of the Prebendal, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, adjacent to the parish church of St Mary's, showed that the town, which lies on a slight spur, is sited within a univallate Iron Age hillfort. Early-Middle Iron Age activity included the creation of a notable ritual area contaning the burials of four children and a young woman, most accompanied by animals; and a 'bone mass' containing animal bone, mostly disarticulated. Within a generation or so of the deposit's creation, within the first half of the 4th century BC, a univallate hillfort was constructed which did not continue into the later Iron Age. Early in the Middle Saxon period a palisade trench was dug into the hillfort's ditch, which was replaced by a ditch in the 8th century. Both palisade and ditch were almost certainly the boundaries of an early minster church and it is very likely that the former existence of the hillfort influenced its siting here. An unusual piece of Merovingian glass with a moulded cross on its base is likely to have been one of the minster's possessions. The extensive minster cemetery and later Saxon development of the town is briefly noted. A significant Saxo-Norman grain deposit which has been radiocarbon dated to the 11th-12th centuries is described.

Antiquities. --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Fortification, Prehistoric. --- Iron age. --- Civilization --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Archaeological specimens --- Artefacts (Antiquities) --- Artifacts (Antiquities) --- Specimens, Archaeological --- Material culture --- Hill-forts --- Prehistoric fortification --- Aylesbury (England) --- Aylesbury (Buckinghamshire) --- Alesbury (England)

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Archeology --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- Scandinavia --- Scandinavie --- Antiquities --- Periodicals. --- Antiquités --- Denmark --- Antiquities. --- Denmark. --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeological specimens --- Artefacts (Antiquities) --- Artifacts (Antiquities) --- Specimens, Archaeological --- Dacia --- Dania --- Daniyah --- Danmark --- Dannemarc --- Danska --- Danyah --- Denemarken --- Denmaakʻŭ --- Dennemarck --- Kingdom of Denmark --- Kongeriget Danmark --- Dacia (Kingdom) --- Даниэ --- Daniė --- Дание --- Дание Королыгъо --- Danie Korolygʺo --- Denemarke --- Koninkryk van Denemarke --- Denemearc --- Denemearc þæt Cynerīce --- دنمارك --- Danimārk --- Dinamarca --- Reino de Dinamarca --- Ndinamayka --- Дания --- Danii︠a︡ --- Даниялъул Ханлъи --- Danii︠a︡lʺul Khanlʺi --- Danimarka --- Danimarka Krallığı --- Archaeology --- Material culture --- Dani --- Danii͡ --- Danii͡alʺul Khanlʺi --- Denmaakʻ --- Scandinavia. --- Fennoscandia --- Norden --- Nordic countries

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The Spanish colonization dramatically interrupted the autonomous development of ancient Mesoamerican culture. Nevertheless, indigenous societies learnt to live with the conquest. It was not only a time of crisis, but also an extraordinarily creative time period in which material culture reflected indigenous peoples’ varied responses and adaptations to the changing circumstances. This work presents insights into the process of cultural continuity and change in the indigenous world by focusing on pottery technology in the Nahua (Aztec) region of Central Mexico. The late pre-colonial, early colonial and present-day characteristics of this industry are explored in order to come to a renewed understanding of its long-term development. with a contribution by Iliana Yunuen Caloca Rhi

Indian pottery --- Pottery making (Handicraft) --- Indians of Mexico --- Pottery craft --- Material culture. --- Antiquities. --- History. --- Mexico --- History --- Ceramics --- Handicraft --- Indians of North America --- Indigenous peoples --- Meso-America --- Meso-American Indians --- Mesoamerica --- Mesoamerican Indians --- Pre-Columbian Indians --- Precolumbian Indians --- Ethnology --- Pottery --- Indian pottery. --- Pottery craft. --- Conquest of Mexico (1519-1540) --- 1519 - 1810 --- Mexico. --- Indians --- Pottery, Indian --- Archaeological specimens --- Artefacts (Antiquities) --- Artifacts (Antiquities) --- Specimens, Archaeological --- Material culture --- Archaeology --- Anáhuac --- Estados Unidos Mexicanos --- Maxico --- Méjico --- Mekishiko --- Meḳsiḳe --- Meksiko --- Meksyk --- Messico --- Mexique --- República Mexicana --- Stany Zjednoczone Meksyku --- United Mexican States --- United States of Mexico --- 1519-1810

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In July, 2008, the International Association for Assyriology met in Würzburg, Germany, for 5 days to deliver and listen to papers on the theme “Organization, Representation, and Symbols of Power in the Ancient Near East.” This volume, the proceedings of the conference, contains 70 of the papers read at the 54th annual Rencontre, including most of the papers from two workshop sessions, one on “collective governance” and the other on “the public and the state.” As the photo of the participants on the back cover demonstrates, the surroundings and ambience of the host city and university provided a wonderful backdrop for the meetings.

Symbolism in politics --- Symbolic politics --- Political science --- History --- Middle East --- Assyria --- Assur (Kingdom) --- Asshur (Kingdom) --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, West --- Asia, Western --- East (Middle East) --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Orient --- Civilization --- Politics and government --- Antiquities --- Politics and government. --- Civilization. --- Antiquities. --- Symbolism in politics. --- HISTORY --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Archaeological specimens --- Artefacts (Antiquities) --- Artifacts (Antiquities) --- Specimens, Archaeological --- Material culture --- Archaeology --- Barbarism --- Civilisation --- Culture --- World Decade for Cultural Development, 1988-1997 --- Ancient --- General. --- Middle East. --- Eastern Mediterranean Region --- South West --- Asia