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Physics --- Engineering --- Nanotechnology --- Surfaces (Physics)

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Materials --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Surface phenomena --- Friction --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Tribology --- Testing. --- Surfaces

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This book, the second in the Woodhead Publishing Reviews: Mechanical Engineering Series, is a collection of high quality articles (full research articles, review articles, and cases studies) with a special emphasis on research and development materials and surface engineering and its applications. Surface engineering techniques are being used in the automotive, aircraft, aerospace, missile, electronic, biomedical, textile, petrochemical, chemical, moulds and dies, machine tools, and construction industries. Materials science is an interdisciplinary field involving the micro and nano-structure,

Hard-facing. --- Metals -- Finishing. --- Surface hardening. --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- Materials --- Surface phenomena --- Friction --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Tribology --- Surfaces

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Laser-enabled measurements are valuable tools for the investigation of surfaces and interfaces or for the in situ investigation of interfacial processes including electrode processes. The understanding of the thermodynamics of solid/liquid surfaces is important for surface science and electrochemistry. In the first part of this book, the authors describe a range of techniques for investigating interfacial tension and surface stress, which is important for coatings, thin films, and fuel cells. The techniques covered comprise bending beam (bending plate, bending cantilever, wafer curvature) methods with different detection techniques. Special attention is given to methods using optical detection by laser beam deflection or interferometry. The second part is devoted to the techniques based on the detection of refractive index gradients in the solution. The refractive index changes could be related to concentration gradients (Probe Beam Deflection, PBD) or light-induced thermal gradients (Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy, PDS). The application of the techniques to surface-confined and solution electrochemical systems is described. Subsequently, a comparison with others techniques able to monitor ion fluxes is performed.

Chemistry. --- Electrochemistry. --- Laser electrochemistry. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Laser electrochemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Electrodes. --- Interfaces (Physical sciences). --- Thin films. --- Materials science. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Electric resistors --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Physical sciences --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Material science

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Superconductivity in materials without inversion symmetry in the respective crystal structures occurs in the presence of antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling as a consequence of an emerging electric field gradient. The superconducting condensate is then a superposition of spin-singlet and spin-triplet Cooper pairs. This scenario accounts for various experimental findings such as nodes in the superconducting gap or extremely large upper critical magnetic fields. Spin-triplet pairing can occur in non-centrosymmetric superconductors in spite of Anderson’s theorem that spin-triplet pairing requires a crystal structure that exhibits inversion symmetry. This book, authored and edited by leading researchers in the field, is both an introduction to and overview on this exciting branch of novel superconductors. Its self-contained and tutorial style makes it particularly suitable for self-study and as source of teaching material for special seminars and courses. At the same time it constitutes an up-to-date and authoritative reference for anyone working in this exciting field.

Superconductors --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Superconductors. --- Solid state electronics. --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Physics. --- Solid state physics. --- Superconductivity. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Interfaces (Physical sciences). --- Thin films. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Solid State Physics. --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Materials --- Semiconductors --- Solid state physics --- Solids --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity