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Previous observations, generated by many in the field, have provided a first glimpse into the epigenetic mechanisms that underpin lymphocyte and myeloid development. We are only now beginning to merge the multitude of observations into a common framework. At the same time it has become more difficult for the individual mind to comprehend more than a tiny focused fraction of it. The studies described in this volume serve as a starting point to familiarize one self with the multifarious differences in epigenetic designs that orchestrate the progression of developing blood cells. They also may serve as a general paradigm for the mechanisms that underpin the control of eukaryotic gene expression.

Genetics --- Molecular biology --- Immunology. Immunopathology --- immunologie --- moleculaire biologie --- genexpressie

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Genetics --- Molecular biology --- Immunology. Immunopathology --- immunologie --- moleculaire biologie --- genexpressie

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This book will describe the nuclear encoded genes and their expressed proteins of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Most of these genes occur in eukaryotic cells, but not in bacteria or archaea. The main function of mitochondria, the synthesis of ATP, is performed at subunits of proton pumps (complexes I, III, IV and V), which are encoded on mitochondrial DNA. The nuclear encoded subunits have mostly a regulatory function. However, the specific physiological functions of the nuclear encoded subunits of complexes I, III, IV, and V are mostly unknown. New data indicates that they are essential for life of higher organisms, which is characterized by an adult life without cell division (postmeiotic stage) in most tissues, after the juvenile growth. For complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) some of these subunits occur in tissue-specific (subunits IV, VIa, VIb, VIIa, VIII), developmental-specific (subunits IV, VIa, and VIIa) as well as species-specific isoforms. Defective genes of some subunits were shown to induce mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial genes and human diseases will also be covered.

Genetics --- Histology. Cytology --- Molecular biology --- Human genetics --- medische genetica --- genetica --- cytologie --- histologie --- moleculaire biologie --- genexpressie --- enzymen

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Genetics --- Histology. Cytology --- Molecular biology --- Human genetics --- medische genetica --- genetica --- cytologie --- histologie --- moleculaire biologie --- genexpressie --- enzymen

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Recent progress in high-throughput technologies and genome wide transcriptome studies have lead to a significant scientific milestone of discovering non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which spans through a major portion of the genome. These RNAs most often act as riboregulators, and actively participate in the regulation of important cellular functions at the transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional levels rather than simply being an intermediated messenger between DNA and proteins. As the appreciation for the importance of ncRNAs continues to emerge, it is also increasingly clear that these play critical roles in gene regulatory processes during development and differentiation. Further, regulatory RNAs are useful biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases. Hence these RNA regulators are essential to the development of therapeutics. This book on Regulatory RNAs  offers a comprehensive view on our current understanding of these regulatory RNAs viz. siRNA, miRNA, piRNA, snoRNA, long non-coding RNA, small RNA etc. It addresses both the biogenesis and mechanism of action of regulatory RNAs with a primary focus on their annotation, experimental methodologies (microarray, next-gen sequencing etc.) for their discovery, computational tools for their prediction, and above all, applications of these revolutionary regulatory molecules in understanding biological systems and diseases, including therapeutics. This comprehensive volume is intended for readers with research or teaching interests in ncRNA biology and will provide a major information resource on current research in the fast-moving fields of RNA and gene expression regulation. Cutting-edge and concise, Regulatory RNAs: Basics, Methods and Applications  promises to support vital research in the field of regulatory RNAs, ever-continuing to grow rapidly and gain increasing importance in basic and translational biology.

General embryology. Developmental biology --- Genetics --- Histology. Cytology --- General biochemistry --- Molecular biology --- biochemie --- cytologie --- embryologie (geneeskunde) --- histologie --- moleculaire biologie --- genexpressie