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Dwarf galaxy research constitutes an extremely vibrant field of astrophysical research, with many long-standing questions still unsettled and new ones constantly arising. The intriguing diversity of the dwarf galaxy population, observed with advanced ground-based and space-borne observatories over a wide spectral window providing an unprecedented level of detail, poses new challenges for both observers and theoreticians. The aim of this symposium was to bring together these two groups to exchange ideas and new results on the many evolutionary aspects of and open issues concerning dwarf galaxies. The main topics addressed include: ¢ the birth of dwarf galaxies: theoretical concepts and observable relics across wavelength and time ¢ the morphological, structural and chemical evolution of dwarf galaxies ¢ possible evolutionary connections between early-type and late-type dwarfs ¢ the star formation history of dwarf galaxies and its dependence on intrinsic and environmental properties ¢ the origin and implications of starburst activity in dwarf galaxies ¢ the fate of dwarfish systems born out of tidally ejected matter in galaxy collisions

Space research --- Cosmology --- Astrophysics --- astrofysica --- ruimte (astronomie) --- kosmologie

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Grazie ad avventurosi studi fu possibile dimostrare un secolo fa che parte della radiazione naturale che si osserva sulla Terra è di natura extraterrestre: era la scoperta dei cosiddetti raggi cosmici , particelle che arrivano da misteriosi acceleratori nell'universo, probabilmente buchi neri supermassicci e resti di supernova, a energie anche centinaia di milioni di volte di quelle a cui riusciamo a produrle con i più potenti acceleratori della Terra. A cent'anni dalle prime scoperte questo libro si propone, con l'aiuto di documenti scoperti recentemente, di raccontare la vera storia di questa appassionante avventura scientifica e le frontiere dell'esplorazione dei raggi cosmici.

Science --- Space research --- Astrophysics --- astrofysica --- popularisering wetenschap --- ruimte (astronomie) --- astronomie

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This book guides readers (astronomers, physicists, and university students) through central questions of Practical Cosmology, a term used by the late Allan Sandage to denote the modern scientific endeavor to find the cosmological model best describing the universe of galaxies, its geometry, size, age, and matter composition. The authors draw on their personal experience in astrophysics and cosmology to explain key concepts of cosmology, both observational and theoretical, and to highlight several items which give cosmology its special character. These highlighted items are: - Idiosyncratic features of the cosmic laboratory  - Malmquist bias in the determination of cosmic distances - Theory of gravitation as a cornerstone of cosmological models - Crucial tests for checking the reality of space expansion - Methods of analyzing the structures of the universe as mapped by galaxies -  Usefulness of fractals as a model to describe the large-scale structure - New cosmological physics inherent in the Friedmann world model

Space research --- Cosmology --- Astrophysics --- cosmology --- astrofysica --- ruimte (astronomie) --- kosmologie

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This current updated and expanded (this is an up-dated English translation of Prof. Khlopov's book "Osnovy kosmomikrofiziki", URSS, 2004) text reflects the large number of scientific advances, both theoretical and experimental, within the discipline of cosmic particle physics in the last 10 years. Some of the topics that have been added or updated include but are not limited to: HND or CMD+HND scenarios being implemented into sterile neutrino scenarios, the ramifications of extending the forms of dark matter with respect to our view of neutrinos, the origin of baryon matter and the need for nonbaryonic matter in current theories, problems the existence of dark matter raises with respect to cosmic particle physics and the relationship with (meta) stable (super) weakly interacting particles predicted by the extension of the standard model, restrictions on baryon and lepton photons, as well as problems associated with expansion, just to name a few. These and many other topics are readdressed in light of recent both experimental and theoretical developments. Other areas that will be of interest to the reader include the puzzles presented by direct and indirect effects of dark matter (e.g, results of experiments such as DAMA/NaI, DAMA/LIBRA and PAMELA) and may lead to nontrivial new solutions for the problem of its nature, like the existence of new stable families of quarks and leptons and composite dark matter scenario. The present work will be of interest to any researcher in this fascinating field dealing with fundamental interactions of the micro- and macroworld.

Space research --- Cosmology --- Astrophysics --- astrofysica --- ruimte (astronomie) --- kosmologie

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Space research --- Cosmology --- Astrophysics --- astrofysica --- ruimte (astronomie) --- kosmologie