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As most people in Atlantic-era West Africa—as in contemporary Europe and the Americas—were farmers, fields and gardens were the primary terrain where they engaged the opportunities and challenges of nascent globalization. Agricultural changes and culinary cross-currents from the Gold Coast indicate that Africans engaged the Atlantic world not with passivity but as full partners with others on continents whose histories have enjoyed longer, and greater, scholarly attention. The most important ‘seeds of change’ are not to be found in the DNA of crops and critters carried across the seas but instead in the creativity and innovation of the people who engaged the challenges and opportunities of the Atlantic World. 

Food crops --- Food habits --- Agriculture --- Plant introduction --- Crops --- Starch crops --- Cassava as food --- Food --- Introduction of plants --- Botany, Economic --- Phytogeography --- Alien plants --- Exotic plants --- Pest introduction --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Eating --- Food customs --- Foodways --- Human beings --- Habit --- Manners and customs --- Diet --- Nutrition --- Oral habits --- Plants, Edible --- Field crops --- Horticultural crops --- Agricultural crops --- Crop plants --- Farm crops --- Industrial crops --- Farm produce --- Plants, Cultivated --- Agronomy --- Crop science --- Plant products --- History. --- Adaptation